Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26185492›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2015

Prevalence of smoking in adults with chronic pain.

Vwaire J Orhurhu, Thomas P Pittelkow, W Michael Hooten

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The impact of smoking on ventral and inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Identifying mechanisms that link pain to smoking relapse during a quit attempt.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021
    Trial
  6. Pain characteristics and nicotine deprivation as predictors of performance during a laboratory paradigm of smoking cessation.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020
    Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Integrating Pain Assessment in Nicotine and Tobacco Research and Treatment to Improve Cessation Outcomes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. A scoping review of pain and tobacco use among cancer survivors.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Vwaire J OrhurhuMayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
Thomas P PittelkowDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902 USA.
W Michael HootenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
Mayo Clinic · USUniversity of Rochester · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCigarette smoking is common among adults with chronic pain. The primary objective of this study was to determine the period prevalence of smoking in patients with chronic pain. A secondary objective was to determine the prevalence of smoking among patients with commonly occurring pain diagnoses including fibromyalgia, low back pain, and headache.

methodsThis population study included 5350 patients (1256 smokers, 4094 nonsmokers) admitted to the Mayo Comprehensive Pain Rehabilitation Center from January 1998 through December 2012. Smoking status was determined using a self-report questionnaire.

resultsDuring the 15 year study period, the overall prevalence of smoking was 23.5 % (95 % CI 22.4 - 24.6). The prevalence of smoking in 2000, 2005, and 2010 was 24.2, 25.7, and 28.3 % respectively. The overall prevalence of smoking in patients with fibromyalgia, low back pain, and headache was 25.2 % (95 % CI 22.8 - 28.3), 22.8 % (95 % CI 21.3 - 25.9), and 21.2 % (95 % CI 17.9 - 24.7), respectively. In a multiple variable logistic model adjusted for age and sex, opioid use was significantly associated with status as a current smoker.

conclusionThe prevalence of smoking in patients with chronic pain has not declined when compared to the general population. The higher prevalence of smoking was consistently observed in commonly occurring pain diagnoses including fibromyalgia, back pain, and headache. Further research is needed to identify the potential factors that contribute to the high prevalence of smoking in this patient population.

Indexed as

Chronic headacheChronic painFibromyalgiaLow back painPrevalenceSmoking

Identifiers

PMID26185492
PMCPMC4504349
OpenAlexW1763160139

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.