Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26185195›Full record

Observational studyJournal of the National Cancer Institute2015

Circulating Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk.

Marc J Gunter, Tao Wang, Mary Cushman, Xiaonan Xue, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Howard D Strickler, Thomas E Rohan, JoAnn E Manson, Anne McTiernan, Robert C Kaplan and 5 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022
    Pooled it
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  19. Is Adipose Tissue Inflammation the Culprit of Obesity-Associated Comorbidities?Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Review
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8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Marc J GunterImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS). m.gunter@imperial.ac.uk.
Tao WangImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Mary CushmanImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Xiaonan XueImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Sylvia Wassertheil-SmollerImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Howard D StricklerImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Thomas E RohanImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
JoAnn E MansonImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Anne McTiernanImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Robert C KaplanImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Philipp E SchererImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Rowan T ChlebowskiImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Linda SnetselaarImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Dan WangImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Gloria Y F HoImperial College, London, UK (MJG); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (TW, XX, SWS, HDS, TER, RCK, DW, GYFH); University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (MC); Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEM); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (AM); University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (PES); University of California Los Angeles, Torrence, CA (RTC); University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (LS).
Albert Einstein College of Medicine · USFred Hutch Cancer Center · USImperial College London · GBUniversity of Vermont · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · US

Funding

Translational Bioimaging Core Shared ResourceP30CA015704 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Thomas James Lynch · 1985 to 2026
$296.4M
WORD PROCESSORP30CA013330 · NCI · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI WINFRIED EDELMANN · 1985 to 2026
$111.2M
Core-010UL1TR001073 · NCATS · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI KELLER, MARLA J, SHAMOON, HARRY · 2013 to 2017
$21.3M
Women's Health Initiative - Adipokines and Risk of Obesity-Related DiseasesN01WH74310 · WH · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · 2007 to 2008
$1.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001073NCI NIH HHS P30 CA013330NCI NIH HHS P30 CA015704PHS HHS HHSN268201100001CPHS HHS HHSN268201100002CPHS HHS HHSN268201100003CPHS HHS HHSN268201100004CPHS HHS HHSN268201100046CPHS HHS HHSN271201100004CWHI NIH HHS N01WH74310
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdipokines and inflammation may provide a mechanistic link between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer, yet epidemiologic data on their associations with breast cancer risk are limited.

methodsIn a case-cohort analysis nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, baseline plasma samples from 875 incident breast cancer case patients and 839 subcohort participants were tested for levels of seven adipokines, namely leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, hepatocyte growth factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and for C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker. Data were analyzed by multivariable Cox modeling that included established breast cancer risk factors and previously measured estradiol and insulin levels. All statistical tests were two-sided.

resultsThe association between plasma CRP levels and breast cancer risk was dependent on hormone therapy (HT) use at baseline (P interaction = .003). In a model that controlled for multiple breast cancer risk factors including body mass index (BMI), estradiol, and insulin, CRP level was positively associated with breast cancer risk among HT nonusers (hazard ratio for high vs low CRP levels = 1.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 2.68, P trend = .029). None of the other adipokines were statistically significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Following inclusion of CRP, insulin, and estradiol in a multivariable model, the association of BMI with breast cancer was attenuated by 115%.

conclusionThese data indicate that CRP is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer among HT nonusers. Inflammatory mediators, together with insulin and estrogen, may play a role in the obesity-breast cancer relation.

Indexed as

AdipokinesAdiponectinAgedBiomarkers, TumorBody Mass IndexBreast NeoplasmsC-Reactive ProteinEstradiolFemaleHepatocyte Growth FactorHumansInflammationInsulinInterleukin-6LeptinMiddle AgedAdipokinesAdiponectinBiomarkers, TumorC-Reactive ProteinEstradiolHepatocyte Growth FactorHGF protein, humanInsulinInterleukin-6LeptinPlasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1ResistinSERPINE1 protein, humanTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Identifiers

PMID26185195
PMCPMC4651104
OpenAlexW2264167156

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.