Observational studyBMJ open2015
Assessing the effect of Michigan's smoke-free law on air quality inside restaurants and casinos: a before-and-after observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Results of Particulate Matter (PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- What happens in Vegas, stays in your lungs: an assessment of fine particulate matter in casinos that prohibit and allow smoking in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Measuring air quality in smoking and nonsmoking areas of Nevada casinos (Reno/Sparks): Potential exposure of minors to secondhand smoke.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2024Article
- Adherence to smoke-free policies in Ghana: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of hospitality venue owners and staff.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2021Article
- Impact of comprehensive smoke-free policy compliance on SHS exposure and health condition of the Georgian population.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2021Article
- Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Indoor Air Quality and Health.Annual review of public health · 2020Review
- Exposure to secondhand smoke in hospitality settings in Ghana: Evidence of changes since implementation of smoke-free legislation.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Longitudinal Associations of Smoke-Free Policies and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: CARDIA Study.Circulation · 2018Article
- Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Compliance to the smoke-free law in Guatemala 5-years after implementation.BMC public health · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the effect of Michigan's smoke-free air (SFA) law on the air quality inside selected restaurants and casinos. The hypothesis of the study: if the SFA law is effectively implemented in restaurants and casinos, there will be a significant reduction in the particulate matter PM2.5 measured in the same establishments after the law is implemented.
settingPrelaw and postlaw design study.
participants78 restaurants in 14 Michigan cities from six major regions of the state, and three Detroit casinos.
methodsWe monitored the real-time PM2.5 in 78 restaurants and three Detroit casinos before the SFA law, and again monitored the same restaurants and casinos after implementation of the law, which was enacted on 1 May 2010. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration measurements of secondhand smoke (SHS) fine particles (PM2.5) were compared in each restaurant in the prelaw period to measurements of PM2.5 in the same restaurants during the postlaw period. A second comparison was made for PM2.5 levels in three Detroit casinos prelaw and postlaw; these casinos were exempted from the SFA law.
resultsPrelaw data indicated that 85% of the restaurants had poor to hazardous air quality, with the average venue having 'unhealthy' air according to Michigan's Air Quality Index for PM2.5. Postlaw, air quality in 93% of the restaurants improved to 'good'. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001). By comparison, the three casinos measured had 'unhealthy' air both before and after the law.
conclusionsThe significant air quality improvement in the Michigan restaurants after implementation of the SFA law indicates that the law was very effective in reducing exposure to SHS. Since the Detroit casinos were exempted from the law, the air quality was unchanged, and remained unhealthy in both prelaw and postlaw periods.
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