ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Macrophages Subvert Adaptive Immunity to Urinary Tract Infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial strategies for surviving antibiotics during urinary tract infection: could uropathogenic Escherichia coli be persisters?Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Effect of human urinary microenvironment and fluid flow on antibiotic and phage therapy efficacy against uropathogenic Escherichia coli.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bacterial growth under confinement requires transcriptional adaptation to resist turgor pressure build-up.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Urogenital immune signatures are associated with birth outcomes after maternal urinary tract infection.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage-mediated reduction of uropathogenicInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Harnessing pro-inflammatory and immunopathologic immune responses in urinary tract infections for vaccine development: it's all about a balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Enhanced CHI3L1 promotes macrophage activation in persistent inflammatory events of ulcerative interstitial cystitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A simpleFEMS microbes · 2026Article
- Decoding epithelial-immune cell crosstalk in uropathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage-mediated reduction of uropathogenicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Redefining CNS immune privilege.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals an important role of CD137L+ macrophages in the host response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection in the bladder.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Uridine as a potentiator of aminoglycosides through activation of carbohydrate transporters.Science advances · 2025Article
- Progress on liposome delivery systems in the treatment of bladder cancer.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Neutrophil NADPH oxidase promotes bacterial eradication and regulates NF-κB-Mediated inflammation via NRF2 signaling during urinary tract infections.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis and Immunomodulation of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by UropathogenicMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Molecular analysis of acute pyelonephritis-excessive innate and attenuated adaptive immunity.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- The multifaceted role of macrophages in kidney physiology and diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tissue-resident memory T cells in urinary tract diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The immune mechanisms of the urinary tract against infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections with frequent recurrence being a major medical challenge. Development of effective therapies has been impeded by the lack of knowledge of events leading to adaptive immunity. Here, we establish conclusive evidence that an adaptive immune response is generated during UTI, yet this response does not establish sterilizing immunity. To investigate the underlying deficiency, we delineated the naïve bladder immune cell compartment, identifying resident macrophages as the most populous immune cell. To evaluate their impact on the establishment of adaptive immune responses following infection, we measured bacterial clearance in mice depleted of either circulating monocytes, which give rise to macrophages, or bladder resident macrophages. Surprisingly, mice depleted of resident macrophages, prior to primary infection, exhibited a nearly 2-log reduction in bacterial burden following secondary challenge compared to untreated animals. This increased bacterial clearance, in the context of a challenge infection, was dependent on lymphocytes. Macrophages were the predominant antigen presenting cell to acquire bacteria post-infection and in their absence, bacterial uptake by dendritic cells was increased almost 2-fold. These data suggest that bacterial uptake by tissue macrophages impedes development of adaptive immune responses during UTI, revealing a novel target for enhancing host responses to bacterial infection of the bladder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.