ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Decline of FoxP3+ Regulatory CD4 T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Children Heavily Exposed to Malaria.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Baseline Treg frequency, Treg-associated immune checkpoint responses, and plasma IL-10 responses during controlled human malaria infection in semi-immune Kenyan adults: a secondary analysis of the CHMI-SIKA Study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Article
- When regulators become helpers.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Comparison of CD4 T-Cell Response in Plasmodium falciparum and vivax Malaria.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cell memory: implications for malaria.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- IDO1-AhR axis increases T regulatory cells inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The impact of Plasmodium-driven immunoregulatory networks on immunity to malaria.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Gene expression analyses reveal differences in children's response to malaria according to their age.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Gene expression analyses reveal differences in children's response to malaria according to their age.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Model of severe malaria in young mice suggests unique response of CD4 T cells.Parasite immunology · 2022Article
- Adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria have higher magnitude and quality of circulating T-follicular helper cells compared to children.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Immunosuppression in Malaria: DoPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Th2-like T Follicular Helper Cells Promote Functional Antibody Production duringCell reports. Medicine · 2020Article
- Emerging patterns of regulatory T cell function in tuberculosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Review
- Effect of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention on Immune Markers of Exhaustion and Regulation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- UnderstandingFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- In utero priming of highly functional effector T cell responses to human malaria.Science translational medicine · 2018Article
- Characterization of T cell activation and regulation in children with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
FoxP3+ regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) help to maintain the delicate balance between pathogen-specific immunity and immune-mediated pathology. Prior studies suggest that Tregs are induced by P. falciparum both in vivo and in vitro; however, the factors influencing Treg homeostasis during acute and chronic infections, and their role in malaria immunopathogenesis, remain unclear. We assessed the frequency and phenotype of Tregs in well-characterized cohorts of children residing in a region of high malaria endemicity in Uganda. We found that both the frequency and absolute numbers of FoxP3+ Tregs in peripheral blood declined markedly with increasing prior malaria incidence. Longitudinal measurements confirmed that this decline occurred only among highly malaria-exposed children. The decline of Tregs from peripheral blood was accompanied by reduced in vitro induction of Tregs by parasite antigen and decreased expression of TNFR2 on Tregs among children who had intense prior exposure to malaria. While Treg frequencies were not associated with protection from malaria, there was a trend toward reduced risk of symptomatic malaria once infected with P. falciparum among children with lower Treg frequencies. These data demonstrate that chronic malaria exposure results in altered Treg homeostasis, which may impact the development of antimalarial immunity in naturally exposed populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.