ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2015
The Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Catabolism and AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma in Africa.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association study identifies and validates genetic variation in the RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway associated with HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma in children and adults.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Oral Microbiome and Inferred Functions Predict Kaposi's Sarcoma Progression.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Indicators for Increased Likelihood of Epidemic Kaposi Sarcoma Progression After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2025Article
- Utility of an Archival Dried Blood Spot (DBS) Collection from HIV-Infected Individuals with and without Cancer in a Resource-Limited Setting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio as a Promising Metabolomic Biomarker for Diagnosing the Spectrum of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- The Persistence of HIV Diversity, Transcription, and Nef Protein in Kaposi's Sarcoma Tumors during Antiretroviral Therapy.Viruses · 2022Article
- Alcohol Consumption and Tryptophan Metabolism Among People with HIV Prior to Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: The Uganda ARCH Cohort Study.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2022Article
- Quantification of Plasma Kynurenine Metabolites Following One Bout of Sprint Interval Exercise.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2020Article
- Mental health and HIV/AIDS: the need for an integrated response.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Review
- Gut microbial metabolites associated with HIV infection.Future virology · 2019Review
- Kaposi sarcoma.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2019Review
- Aging, Health, and Quality of Life for Older People Living With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework.Journal of aging and health · 2019Article
- HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa: progress, challenges, and opportunities.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2017Review
- Host genetic predictors of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism among treated HIV-infected Ugandans.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Role of immune activation in progression to AIDS.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOther than Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus and CD4 T-cell lymphopenia, the mechanisms responsible for KS in the context of HIV are poorly understood. One recently explored pathway of HIV pathogenesis involves induction of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan into kynurenine and several other immunologically active metabolites that suppress T-cell proliferation. We investigated the role of IDO in the development of KS in HIV disease.
methodsIn a case-control study among untreated HIV-infected Ugandans, cases were adults with KS and controls were without KS. IDO activity was assessed by the ratio of plasma kynurenine to tryptophan levels (KT ratio), measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
resultsWe studied 631 HIV-infected subjects: 222 KS cases and 409 controls. Non-KS controls had a higher median plasma KT ratio (130, interquartile range: 90 to 190 nM/μM) than KS cases (110, interquartile range: 90 to 150 nM/μM) (P = 0.004). After adjustment for age, sex, CD4 count, and plasma HIV RNA level, subjects with the highest (fourth quartile) plasma KT ratios had a 59% reduction (95% confidence interval: 27% to 77%) in the odds of KS compared with those with the lowest (first quartile) levels. KS was also independently associated with lower CD4 count, higher plasma HIV RNA, and men.
conclusionsAmong HIV-infected individuals, greater activity of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, as evidenced by higher levels of plasma KT ratio, was associated with lower occurrence of KS. Some consequences of immune activation in HIV infection might actually suppress certain cancers.
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