Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26180950›Full record

Trial reportAmerican journal of public health2015

Grab a Cup, Fill It Up! An Intervention to Promote the Convenience of Drinking Water and Increase Student Water Consumption During School Lunch.

Erica L Kenney, Steven L Gortmaker, Jill E Carter, M Caitlin W Howe, Jennifer F Reiner, Angie L Cradock

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in American journal of public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03069274 (Impact of a Randomized School-based Intervention on Sugar-sweetened Beverage Intake Substitution by Water to Prevent Excessive Weight in Mexican Scholars), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03069274 nacompletednot on this map

Impact of a Randomized School-based Intervention on Sugar-sweetened Beverage Intake Substitution by Water to Prevent Excessive Weight in Mexican Scholars

TypeinterventionalSponsorInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador ZubiranRan2015 to 2016Enrolled314ConditionsObesity, ChildhoodArmsIntervention, General nutritional recommendations
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. A systematic review of school meal nudge interventions to improve youth food behaviors.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020
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  17. Evaluating campaign concepts aimed at replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Erica L KenneyErica L. Kenney, Steven L. Gortmaker, Jennifer F. Reiner, and Angie L. Cradock are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. At the time of the study, Caitlin W. Howe was and Jill E. Carter is with the Health and Wellness Department, Boston Public Schools, Dorchester, MA.
Steven L GortmakerErica L. Kenney, Steven L. Gortmaker, Jennifer F. Reiner, and Angie L. Cradock are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. At the time of the study, Caitlin W. Howe was and Jill E. Carter is with the Health and Wellness Department, Boston Public Schools, Dorchester, MA.
Jill E CarterErica L. Kenney, Steven L. Gortmaker, Jennifer F. Reiner, and Angie L. Cradock are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. At the time of the study, Caitlin W. Howe was and Jill E. Carter is with the Health and Wellness Department, Boston Public Schools, Dorchester, MA.
M Caitlin W HoweErica L. Kenney, Steven L. Gortmaker, Jennifer F. Reiner, and Angie L. Cradock are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. At the time of the study, Caitlin W. Howe was and Jill E. Carter is with the Health and Wellness Department, Boston Public Schools, Dorchester, MA.
Jennifer F ReinerErica L. Kenney, Steven L. Gortmaker, Jennifer F. Reiner, and Angie L. Cradock are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. At the time of the study, Caitlin W. Howe was and Jill E. Carter is with the Health and Wellness Department, Boston Public Schools, Dorchester, MA.
Angie L CradockErica L. Kenney, Steven L. Gortmaker, Jennifer F. Reiner, and Angie L. Cradock are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. At the time of the study, Caitlin W. Howe was and Jill E. Carter is with the Health and Wellness Department, Boston Public Schools, Dorchester, MA.
Carney Hospital · US

Funding

HARVARD PREVENTION RESEARCH CENTER ON NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY-CATEGORY 1U48DP001946 · DP · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI GORTMAKER, STEVEN L · 2009 to 2013
$7.5M
NCCDPHP CDC HHS 1U48DP001946NCCDPHP CDC HHS U48 DP001946
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe evaluated a low-cost strategy for schools to improve the convenience and appeal of drinking water.

methodsWe conducted a group-randomized, controlled trial in 10 Boston, Massachusetts, schools in April through June 2013 to test a cafeteria-based intervention. Signage promoting water and disposable cups were installed near water sources. Mixed linear regression models adjusting for clustering evaluated the intervention impact on average student water consumption over 359 lunch periods.

resultsThe percentage of students in intervention schools observed drinking water during lunch nearly doubled from baseline to follow-up compared with controls (+ 9.4%; P < .001). The intervention was associated with a 0.58-ounce increase in water intake across all students (P < .001). Without cups, children were observed drinking 2.4 (SE = 0.08) ounces of water from fountains; with cups, 5.2 (SE = 0.2) ounces. The percentage of intervention students observed with sugar-sweetened beverages declined (-3.3%; P < .005).

conclusionsThe current default of providing water through drinking fountains in cafeterias results in low water consumption. This study shows that an inexpensive intervention to improve drinking water's convenience by providing cups can increase student water consumption.

Indexed as

Drinking WaterHealth PromotionSchoolsAdolescentBostonChildFemaleHumansMaleDrinking Water

Identifiers

PMID26180950
PMCPMC4539814
OpenAlexW1942892423

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.