ReviewCancer research2015
Maintaining Tumor Heterogeneity in Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts.
Review in Cancer research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Applications of lung cancer organoids in precision medicine: from bench to bedside.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Pooled it
- Patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer in pre-clinical research: a systematic review.Oncotarget · 2016Pooled it
- A tri-component organoid model reveals field-cancerized fibroblasts as key drivers of LUAD recurrence and drug resistance.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Establishment and genomic validation of novel patient-derived xenograft models for drug discovery in gastrointestinal stromal tumor.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Real-time cell viability monitoring for high-throughput drug screening using tumor xenograft-derived cells.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Programmed cell death and metastatic evolution in breast cancer: the role of anoikis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Establishment and characterization of a testicular yolk sac tumor PDX model.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- PK-PD Modeling Suggests Tumor Heterogeneity Limits Preclinical to Clinical Translation of Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Matrix and stromal cues cooperatively regulate dormancy-like states of prostate cancer in a dual-niche metastatic model.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Article
- Recapitulating patient-to-patient colorectal cancer tumor heterogeneity using patient-derived xenograft cells in an engineered tissue model.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Article
- Preclinical Comparison ofJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Article
- Characterization of HER2-Positive Murine Breast Cancer Models for Investigating HER2-Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2026Article
- NHE1-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Preclinical models of breast cancer metastasis: strengths, limitations, and clinical relevance.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of Gene and Cell Therapies.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Effect of anticancer activity of aripiprazole main metabolite OPC-14857 on malignant glioblastoma.PloS one · 2026Article
- A clinically concordant vulvar cancer patient-derived xenograft model retaining primary molecular signature for preclinical drug sensitivity assessment.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Recapitulating Patient-to-Patient Colorectal Cancer Tumor Heterogeneity Using Patient-Derived Xenograft Cells in an Engineered Tissue Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Murine Models of Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Review
- A pan-cancer, pan-treatment model for predicting drug responses from patient-derived xenografts.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Preclinical models often fail to capture the diverse heterogeneity of human malignancies and as such lack clinical predictive power. Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) have emerged as a powerful technology: capable of retaining the molecular heterogeneity of their originating sample. However, heterogeneity within a tumor is governed by both cell-autonomous (e.g., genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity) and non-cell-autonomous (e.g., stromal heterogeneity) drivers. Although PDXs can largely recapitulate the polygenomic architecture of human tumors, they do not fully account for heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. Hence, these models have substantial utility in basic and translational research in cancer biology; however, study of stromal or immune drivers of malignant progression may be limited. Similarly, PDX models offer the ability to conduct patient-specific in vivo and ex vivo drug screens, but stromal contributions to treatment responses may be under-represented. This review discusses the sources and consequences of intratumor heterogeneity and how these are recapitulated in the PDX model. Limitations of the current generation of PDXs are discussed and strategies to improve several aspects of the model with respect to preserving heterogeneity are proposed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.