ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2015
Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07416461 (Effectiveness of Malaria Vaccines in Reducing the Risk of Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 568 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Malaria Vaccines in Reducing the Risk of Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Disease (VINS)
Who cites it
568 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,142 citations in OpenAlex.
- WhenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Length of hospital stay and associated treatment costs for patients with susceptible and antibiotic-resistantBMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Nationwide trends and features of human salmonellosis outbreaks in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations of water, sanitation, and hygiene with typhoid fever in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic mutations driving ciprofloxacin resistance in laboratory-evolvedMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Genomic Detection of Multidrug-Resistant H58 ST1 Salmonella Typhi in a South African Urban Waterway Reveals Epidemiological Links With Clinical Isolates.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact and cost-effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine schedules across diverse settings: A multi-model comparison.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates from retail chicken products in Kuwait.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing and Intestinal Metagenome Sequencing Revealed the Carriage and Transmission ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Invasive Non-typhoidalInfectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance ofAnnals of laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Transposon-insertion sequencing reveals NlpD as a vulnerability in intracellular survival and pathogenesis of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Fangchinoline drives NOS2-dependent host immunity to restrict intracellular enteric pathogens.iScience · 2026Article
- Thiazolidinedione Use and Risk of Bacterial Enteric Infection Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and risk factor analysis of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infection in children.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Clinical and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Infections in Pediatric Population.Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiologic trends, diagnostic limitations, and public health challenges of enteric fever in sub-Saharan Africa: A narrative review.IJID regions · 2026Review
- Multidrug-ResistantPolish journal of microbiology · 2026Review
508 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.