Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26179016›Full record

ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2015

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Annegret Kuhn, Gisela Bonsmann, Hans-Joachim Anders, Peter Herzer, Klaus Tenbrock, Matthias Schneider

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
13.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Modelling pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the selective S1PBritish journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020
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38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Annegret KuhnInterdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKS), University Medical Center, Mainz, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Münster, Nephrological Center, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU München, Private practice in internal medicine and rheumatology, München, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Department of Rheumatology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf.
Gisela Bonsmann
Hans-Joachim Anders
Peter Herzer
Klaus Tenbrock
Matthias Schneider
RWTH Aachen University · DECenter for Clinical Studies · USJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DELudwig-Maximilians-Universität München · DEUniversity Hospital Münster · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a prevalence of 36.7/100 000 in Germany and a female/male ratio of 4:1. The clinical course is variable, with a broad spectrum of organ manifestations; lupus nephritis develops in about half of all patients.

methodsThis review is based on a selective search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library, including current guidelines and expert recommendations.

resultsAssessment of clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and optional biopsy results are the basis for early diagnosis of SLE. All patients should be treated with antimalarials as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed. In particular, hydroxychloroquine is associated with a higher rate of remission, fewer relapses, and reduced damage in the course of the disease, even in lupus nephritis. High-dose glucocorticoids should be given only when acutely indicated; immunosuppressives such as azathioprine, methotrexate, or mycophenolate mofetil may be administered to reduce glucocorticoids, according to the EULAR recommendations. Belimumab was recently approved as add-on therapy in autoantibody-positive SLE patients with high disease activity unresponsive to standard treatment. Short-term induction pulse therapy with low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide, as well as continued mycophenolate mofetil treatment are advances in lupus nephritis.

conclusionThe long-term prognosis for SLE has improved markedly in recent decades because of earlier diagnosis and optimized treatment. Further research and randomized controlled trials are needed for the development of specifically targeted therapies.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsBiopsyClinical Laboratory TechniquesEarly DiagnosisEvidence-Based MedicineGlucocorticoidsHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsLupus Erythematosus, SystemicPhysical ExaminationTreatment OutcomeAntimalarialsGlucocorticoidsImmunosuppressive Agents

Identifiers

PMID26179016
PMCPMC4558874
OpenAlexW2319198935

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.