Observational studyInternational journal of obesity (2005)2015
Prenatal exposure to systemic antibacterials and overweight and obesity in Danish schoolchildren: a prevalence study.
Observational study in International journal of obesity (2005), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of systemic antibacterial use during pregnancy worldwide: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Early and frequent exposure to antibiotics in children and the risk of obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.F1000Research · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- The Critical Period Microbiota Shape Brain Plasticity.Research square · 2026Article
- The Critical Period Microbiota Shape Brain Plasticity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Early-Life β-Lactam Exposure and the Developing Microbiome: Clinical Relevance and Controversies.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Procalcitonin-guided decision and antibiotic treatment duration in late onset sepsis of newborns: multicentre, randomised controlled trial (ProABIS).BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of Akkermansia in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Antibiotic-associated changes in Akkermansia muciniphila alter its effects on host metabolic health.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Effect of maternal exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy on the neonatal intestinal microbiome and health.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Exposure and Childhood Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Milk Bioactive Compounds and Gut Microbiota Modulation: The Role of Whey Proteins and Milk Oligosaccharides.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prenatal and Perinatal Antibiotic Exposure and Long-Term Outcome.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2023Review
- Systemic antibiotics increase microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss.International journal of oral science · 2023Article
- The Gut Microbiome of Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Effect of exposure to antibiotics on the gut microbiome and biochemical indexes of pregnant women.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Article
- Association between the use of antibiotics during pregnancy and obesity in 5-year-old children.Translational pediatrics · 2021Article
- A Practical Screening Tool to Predict Early Childhood Obesity Risk: Examining a Birth Cohort.Clinical pediatrics · 2021Article
- Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Gut Microbiota and Obesity in Adults and Children: The State of the Art.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivePrenatal exposure to antibacterials may permanently dysregulate fetal metabolic patterns via epigenetic pathways or by altering maternal microbiota. We examined the association of prenatal exposure to systemic antibacterials with overweight and obesity in schoolchildren. SUBJECTS/
methodsWe conducted a prevalence study among Danish schoolchildren aged 7-16 years using data from routine school anthropometric evaluations conducted during 2002-2013. Prenatal exposure to antibacterials was ascertained by using maternal prescription dispensations and infection-related hospital admissions during pregnancy. We defined overweight and obesity among the children using standard age- and sex-specific cutoffs. We computed sex-specific adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) of overweight and obesity associated with exposure to prenatal antibacterials, adjusting for maternal age at delivery, marital status, smoking in pregnancy and multiple gestation; we also stratified the analyses by birth weight.
resultsAmong 9886 schoolchildren, 3280 (33%) had prenatal exposure to antibacterials. aPRs associated with the exposure were 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.45) for overweight and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03-1.62) for obesity. Among girls, aPRs were 1.16 (95% CI: 0.95-1.42) for overweight and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.89 to 1.82) for obesity. Among boys, aPRs were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.13-1.66) for overweight and 1.29 (95% CI: 0.96-1.73) for obesity. The aPR for overweight was higher among schoolchildren with birth weight <3500 g (aPR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05-1.61) than in schoolchildren with birth weight ⩾3500 g (aPR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.95-1.46). Inversely, the association for obesity was higher among schoolchildren with birth weight ⩾3500 g (aPR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00-1.81) than among those who were <3500 g at birth (aPR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.82-1.65).
conclusionsPrenatal exposure to systemic antibacterials is associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity at school age, and this association varies by birth weight.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.