ArticlePloS one2015
Unlocking the Sporicidal Potential of Ethanol: Induced Sporicidal Activity of Ethanol against Clostridium difficile and Bacillus Spores under Altered Physical and Chemical Conditions.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Making hand hygiene visible: a simple laboratory exercise using soil to demonstrate spore-forming bacteria control.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2026Article
- Bacillus aryabhattai CKNJh11 as a promising probiotic improves growth performance and egg quality in laying hens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Beyond quaternary ammonium compounds: Evaluating the harms of non-QAC disinfectant agents in healthcare and industry.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Review
- Comparative evaluation of encapsulation using β-cyclodextrin versus freeze-drying for better retention and stabilizing of black Périgord truffle (Tuber melanosporum) aroma.Journal of food science · 2022Article
- Identification of human-dependent routes of pathogen's transmission in a tertiary care hospital.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2022Article
- A native conjugative plasmid confers potential selective advantages to plant growth-promoting Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Hospital Infection Control:Clinics in colon and rectal surgery · 2020Review
- A Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectant Containing Germinants ReducesOpen forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- A Cumulative Spore Killing Approach: Synergistic Sporicidal Activity of Dilute Peracetic Acid and Ethanol at Low pH Against Clostridium difficile and Bacillus subtilis Spores.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Chemical and Stress Resistances ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDue to their efficacy and convenience, alcohol-based hand sanitizers have been widely adopted as the primary method of hand hygiene in healthcare settings. However, alcohols lack activity against bacterial spores produced by pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Bacillus anthracis. We hypothesized that sporicidal activity could be induced in alcohols through alteration of physical or chemical conditions that have been shown to degrade or allow penetration of spore coats. PRINCIPAL
findingsAcidification, alkalinization, and heating of ethanol induced rapid sporicidal activity against C. difficile, and to a lesser extent Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis. The sporicidal activity of acidified ethanol was enhanced by increasing ionic strength and mild elevations in temperature. On skin, sporicidal ethanol formulations were as effective as soap and water hand washing in reducing levels of C. difficile spores.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that novel ethanol-based sporicidal hand hygiene formulations can be developed through alteration of physical and chemical conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.