Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26176205›Full record

ReviewPlant biotechnology journal2015

Bulk production of the antiviral lectin griffithsin.

Joshua L Fuqua, Krystal Hamorsky, Guruatma Khalsa, Nobuyuki Matoba, Kenneth E Palmer

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Plant biotechnology journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Plant-Based Systems for Producing Therapeutic Proteins: Current Status and Future Prospects.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. An algal lectin griffithsin inhibits Hantaan virus infectionFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Sustained-release Griffithsin nanoparticle-fiber composites against HIV-1 and HSV-2 infections.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2020
    Article
  14. Review
  15. In Preparation for Outdoor Pharming: Griffithsin Can Be Expressed inFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020
    Article
  16. Low-Cost, Large-Scale Production of the Anti-viral Lectin Griffithsin.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Joshua L FuquaOwensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, KY, USA.
Krystal HamorskyOwensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, KY, USA.
Guruatma KhalsaIntrucept Biomedicine, LLC, Owensboro, KY, USA.
Nobuyuki MatobaOwensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, KY, USA.
Kenneth E PalmerOwensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, KY, USA.
Owensboro Health · USUniversity of Louisville · US

Funding

Project 3: PREVENT: A first-in-human clinical trial of Griffithsin, an HIV entryU19AI113182 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI FUQUA, JOSHUA L · 2014 to 2018
$14.8M
Antiviral lectins as microbicidesR01AI076169 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI PALMER, KENNETH E · 2008 to 2011
$2.3M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI076169NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI113182NIAID NIH HHS U19AI113182
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Application of plant-based protein expression systems for bulk production of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals is building momentum. There are considerable regulatory challenges to consider in commercialization of plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs), some of which are inherent to plant-production systems and others that are common with other production systems, but are new to PMPs because of the youth of the industry. In this review, we discuss our recent and ongoing experience with bulk production of the HIV microbicide candidate, griffithsin (GRFT), utilizing plant-based transient protein expression, with specific focus on areas relevant to commercial manufacturing of bulk GRFT active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Analytical programs have been developed for the qualification and monitoring of both the expression vector system and the API detailing our experience and plans for each. Monitoring postpurification protein modifications are discussed in relation to stability and safety programs. Expression, processing and analytics programs are associated with increased manufacturing costs in current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) production because of the required qualification testing. The impact of these costs on the overall cost of goods is particularly relevant to GRFT manufacturing because GRFT, as an HIV microbicide, is most needed in populations at high risk for HIV exposure in resource-poor countries. Consequently, GRFT for microbicide applications is a very cost-sensitive recombinant PMP. We have therefore emphasized maintaining a low cost of goods. We provide a review of the literature on the economics of PMPs with various expression systems and how they may impact production costs and complexity.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCardenolidesLectinsOxidation-ReductionPlasmidsVirionAntiviral AgentsCardenolidesgriffithinLectinsgriffithsinHIVmicrobicideprotein oxidationtobacco mosaic virusvirion

Identifiers

PMID26176205
PMCPMC5016770
OpenAlexW2123846087

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.