Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26175907›Full record

ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2015

Perceptions of medical students towards antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections in Saudi Arabia.

Steve Harakeh, Musab Almatrafi, Haifa Ungapen, Rotana Hammad, Feras Olayan, Reema Hakim, Mohammed Ayoub, Noura Bakhsh, Saad B Almasaudi, Elie Barbour and 9 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
    Correction.2015 · Cals, JochenW L [corrected to Cals, Jochen W L]
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Steve HarakehSpecial Infectious Agents Unit , King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Musab AlmatrafiObstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affair, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
Haifa UngapenManchester , UK.
Rotana HammadDepartment of Pediatric , King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Feras OlayanMedical School, Umm Alqura University, Makkah , Saudi Arabia.
Reema HakimDepartment of Family Medicine, National Guard Hospital , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AyoubDepartment of Pediatric, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Noura BakhshMedical School, Umm Alqura University, Makkah , Saudi Arabia.
Saad B AlmasaudiBiology Department, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Elie BarbourDepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Adjunct to Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Application Research Group, King Abdulaziz Univeristy, Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Suhad BahijriKing Fahd Medical Research Center , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Esam AzharSpecial Infectious Agents Unit , King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Ghazi DamanhouriKing Fahd Medical Research Center , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Yousef QariDepartment of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Taha KumosaniBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Zeena HarakehDepartment of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Muhammad S AhmadDrug Metabolism Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Jochen W L Cals
JochenW L CalsDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Primary Care and Public Health (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis survey evaluates knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students towards use of antibiotics for upper respiratory infections (URTIs). METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional questionnaire study among 1042 randomly selected medical students in Saudi Arabia.

resultsRespondents were mostly Saudis (97.5%), had previous knowledge of antibiotics (99.7%) and their usage (98.3%) against bacterial infections (93.7%). 18.1% thought that they could be used for viral infections. Nearly all students (97.2%) used antibiotics themselves during the previous year and self-medication without a prescription was high at 49% of cases. Most antibiotics were taken for URTI symptoms (61.8%). Female medical students had better knowledge on antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria and viruses, and overall knowledge increased with study year. Health seeking behaviour rates for symptoms of RTI and associated estimated necessity for antibiotics varied but were highest for cough with yellow/green phlegm.

conclusionsThe depth of knowledge that healthcare professionals have in relation to the proper use of antibiotics is essential in spreading the right message within communities. This is the first large study among medical students in Saudi Arabia, shedding important light on areas for improvement in the medical curriculum as well as antibiotic practices of medical students themselves.

Indexed as

Bacterial InfectionHealth EconomistPleural DiseaseRespiratory InfectionViral infection

Identifiers

PMID26175907
PMCPMC4488607

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.