SynthesisThe international journal of occupational and environmental medicine2015
Qat Chewing and Risk of Potentially Malignant and Malignant Oral Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Khat (Catha edulis) Use as a Risk Factor of Cancer: A Systematic Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Pooled it
- Association Between Khat (Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of smoked and smokeless tobacco use in Saudi Arabia: evidence from the 2021 national health survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oral health-care needs among clients receiving alcohol and other drugs treatment-A scoping review.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- Risks of khat chewing on the cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems: A narrative review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Review
- Heterogeneity in head and neck cancer incidence among black populations from Africa, the Caribbean and the USA: Analysis of cancer registry data by the AC3.Cancer epidemiology · 2021Article
- Exposure to DDT and HCH congeners and associated potential health risks through khat (Catha edulis) consumption among adults in South Wollo, Ethiopia.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2021Article
- Review
- Link between perceived oral and general health status among Yemeni adult dental patients.BMC oral health · 2019Article
- User Experiences of Prescription and Over-The-Counter Drug Abuse in Aden City, Yemen.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Individual and Integrated Effects of Potential Risk Factors for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Jazan, Saudi ArabiaAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Article
- Khat (The open cardiovascular medicine journal · 2017Review
- Article
- The Relationship between Number of Natural Teeth and Chewing Qat Habit among Adult Yemeni People in Sana'a: A Pilot Study.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryArticle
- The Impact of Khat (Journal of medical ultrasoundArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundQat (also known as Khat, Kat and Miraa) is a green-leaved plant (Catha edulis). It is a shrub indigenous to Yemen and certain parts of eastern Africa. Chewing the leaves, which have sympathomimetic and euphoric effects, has been documented in many countries and increased with worldwide migration. The effect of long-term chewing Qat on the oral cavity is unknown.
objectiveA systematic review was performed to identify any associations between Qat chewing and the occurrence of potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders.
methodsMedline and the Web of Science were searched for articles published before May 2014 without limits with regard to publication date and language.
resultsFrom a total of 890 papers identified, 17 English papers reported potentially malignant or malignant oral disorders and Qat chewing. One additional paper in Arabic language was identified from reviewing the list of references of eligible papers. It was found that exposure to Qat may be associated with potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders, but methodological issues, such as inadequate study design, sample size, selection of study subjects, clinical evaluations of outcome and limited adjustment for confounders, limit the strength of the evidence base in this area.
conclusionThe association between Qat chewing and potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders remains debatable and requires further investigations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.