Trial reportTrials2015
Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual.
Trial report in Trials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise for depression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of different exercise modalities on depressive symptom score changes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Long-Term Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Managing Subclinical Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of In-Person Delivered Behavioural Interventions in People with Multimorbidity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Treatment for comorbid depressive disorder or subthreshold depression in diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Behavior Change Techniques Underpinning Psychological Interventions to Improve Glycemic Levels for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2021Pooled it
- Benefits and harms of exercise therapy in people with multimorbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Ageing research reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological interventions to improve self-management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for diabetes-related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Lifestyle intervention using the psychoeducational approach is associated with greater cardiometabolic benefits and retention of individuals with worse health status.Archives of endocrinology and metabolismTrial
- Association between Changes in Physical Activity and Incident Depression among Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- High-Frequency, Short-Session Exercise Decreases Anxiety and Depression in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Identification and Management of Subthreshold Depression and Anxiety in Primary Care for People With Long-Term Conditions.Depression and anxiety · 2025Review
- Mapping interventional components and behavior change techniques used to promote self-management in people with multimorbidity: a scoping review.Health psychology review · 2024Article
- Subthreshold Depression: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Non-Pharmacological Interventions.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
- Web-Based Benefit-Finding Writing for Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR diabetes · 2019Article
- Effectiveness of a psychoeducation group intervention conducted by primary healthcare nurses in patients with depression and physical comorbidity: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- The Role of Negative Affect in the Assessment of Quality of Life among Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElevated depressive symptoms that do not reach criteria for a clinical diagnosis of depression are highly prevalent in persons with diabetes. This study was aimed at determining the efficacy of psychoeducation and physical exercise compared with enhanced treatment as usual on 1-year changes in depressive symptoms, diabetes distress and self-management, and quality of life and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes patients with subsyndromal depression.
methodsAdult type 2 diabetes patients who screened positively for depression and expressed a need for professional help with mood-related issues were eligible. Exclusion criteria were clinical depression, current psychiatric treatment and advanced diabetes complications. Out of 365 eligible patients 209 consented to either 6 weekly sessions of psychoeducation (A) and physical exercise (B), or to enhanced treatment as usual (C). Computer-generated sequences for block randomisation stratified by gender were used. Depressive symptoms (primary outcome) and diabetes distress, diabetes self-care, metabolic control and health-related quality of life (secondary outcomes) were analysed at 6-month and 12-month follow-up using repeated-measures ANOVAs.
resultsOut of the 74 patients randomised into group A, 66 into B and 69 into group C, 203 completed the interventions, and 179 patients with all 3 assessments were analysed. Depressive symptoms in participants from the psychoeducational, physical exercise and the enhanced treatment as usual groups improved equally from baseline to 12-month follow-up (time versus time x group effect; F = 12.51, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.07 and F = 0.609, p = 0.656, η(2) = 0.007 respectively), as did diabetes distress and quality of life (all p < 0.001), diabetes self-care (p < 0.001 to < 0.05), triglycerides, and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe employed interventions had comparable positive effects on 12-month psychological and diabetes-related outcomes suggesting that even minimal intervention addressing patients' diabetes-related problems and concerns had favourable clinical implications and might be sufficient to treat subsyndromal depression. Further investigation is warranted to clarify possible mechanisms of improvement.
trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN05673017. The message on assigning the above mentioned ISRCTN was received on 11 August 2010.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.