Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26174323›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of physiology2015

Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training.

Llion A Roberts, Truls Raastad, James F Markworth, Vandre C Figueiredo, Ingrid M Egner, Anthony Shield, David Cameron-Smith, Jeff S Coombes, Jonathan M Peake

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
18.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06565468 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Recovery and Performance in NCAA Division I Athletes

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, Los AngelesRan2024 to 2025Enrolled75ConditionsRecovery, Physiological, Athletic PerformanceArmsCold water immersion pool.
NCT07045129 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Thermal Therapies in the Treatment of Muscle Injuries

TypeinterventionalSponsorAspetarRan2025 to 2028Enrolled135ConditionsHamstring Injuries, Hamstring Muscle Repair, Hamstring Muscles, Hamstring RuptureArmsCold water immersion, Hot water immersion, Physiotherapy only
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Multiple Cryotherapy Attenuates Oxi-Inflammatory Response Following Skeletal Muscle Injury.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Llion A RobertsUniversity of Queensland, School of Human Movement Studies and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
Truls RaastadNorwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
James F MarkworthLiggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Vandre C FigueiredoLiggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Ingrid M EgnerDepartment of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Anthony ShieldSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
David Cameron-SmithLiggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jeff S CoombesUniversity of Queensland, School of Human Movement Studies and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
Jonathan M PeakeCentre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia.
University of Auckland · NZUniversity of Queensland · AUNorwegian School of Sport Sciences · NOQueensland Academy of Sport · AUQueensland University of Technology · AUUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigated functional, morphological and molecular adaptations to strength training exercise and cold water immersion (CWI) through two separate studies. In one study, 21 physically active men strength trained for 12 weeks (2 days per week), with either 10 min of CWI or active recovery (ACT) after each training session. Strength and muscle mass increased more in the ACT group than in the CWI group (P < 0.05). Isokinetic work (19%), type II muscle fibre cross-sectional area (17%) and the number of myonuclei per fibre (26%) increased in the ACT group (all P < 0.05), but not the CWI group. In another study, nine active men performed a bout of single-leg strength exercises on separate days, followed by CWI or ACT. Muscle biopsies were collected before and 2, 24 and 48 h after exercise. The number of satellite cells expressing neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) (10-30%) and paired box protein (Pax7) (20-50%) increased 24-48 h after exercise with ACT. The number of NCAM(+) satellite cells increased 48 h after exercise with CWI. NCAM(+) - and Pax7(+) -positive satellite cell numbers were greater after ACT than after CWI (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase(Thr421/Ser424) increased after exercise in both conditions but was greater after ACT (P < 0.05). These data suggest that CWI attenuates the acute changes in satellite cell numbers and activity of kinases that regulate muscle hypertrophy, which may translate to smaller long-term training gains in muscle strength and hypertrophy. The use of CWI as a regular post-exercise recovery strategy should be reconsidered.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAdultCold TemperatureExerciseHumansHypertrophyMaleMetabolismMuscle, SkeletalMuscle StrengthRecovery of FunctionResistance TrainingSignal TransductionWaterYoung AdultWater

Identifiers

PMID26174323
PMCPMC4594298
OpenAlexW2152402882

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.