Trial reportPediatric blood & cancer2015
Comparative Toxicity by Sex Among Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group.
Trial report in Pediatric blood & cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatic late adverse effects after antineoplastic treatment for childhood cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Beyond XX and XY, Understanding Sex Differences in Leukemia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicities in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using a Child- and Caregiver-Reported Outcome Tool in Tanzania.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2026Article
- Impact of age and sex on survival outcomes in patients aged 1-45 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the stratification used in the NOPHO ALL2008 trial.Haematologica · 2025Article
- Impact of Pharmacogenetics on High-Dose Methotrexate Toxicity in Pediatric Oncology.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Maternal weight during pregnancy and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in offspring.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Parents' perception of treatment-related toxicity in children treated according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.HemaSphere · 2024Article
- Treatment-related mortality among children with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2024Article
- Costs associated with adverse events from remission induction for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).BMC health services research · 2022Observational
- Mortality Among Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Sweden From 1988 to 2017.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Inflammatory biomarkers after an exercise intervention in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors.EJHaem · 2022Article
- Long-Term Outcomes among Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Acute Leukemia: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Incidence and risk factors for oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Article
- Gender disparity in pediatrics: a review of the current literature.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2018Review
- Early vs. late MRD response- and risk-based treatment intensification of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective pilot study from Saudi Arabia.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2018Article
- Incidence of upper digestive tract inflammation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2018Article
- High-dose methotrexate vs. Capizzi methotrexate for the treatment of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Leukemia research reports · 2018Article
- Modifiable Factors Associated With Aging Phenotypes Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2016Article
- Sex-Related Differences of Lipid Metabolism Induced by Triptolide: The Possible Role of the LXRα/SREBP-1 Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2016Article
- Chemotherapy in Pediatric Oncology Patients and the Occurrence of Oral Mucositis.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiologic studies find sex-based differences in incidence, survival, and long-term outcomes for children with cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether male and female patients differ with regard to acute treatment-related toxicities. PROCEDURES: We reviewed data collected on the Children's cancer group (CCG) high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-HR) study (CCG-1961), and compared male and female patients' toxicity incidence and related variables in the first four phases of treatment. Similar analyses were performed with standard-risk ALL (ALL-SR) patients enrolled in CCG-1991.
resultsAmong ALL-HR patients, females had significantly more hospital days, delays in therapy, grade 3 or 4 toxicities (e.g., gastrointestinal, liver), and supportive care interventions (e.g., transfusions, intravenous antibiotics) than males. Females were significantly more likely to have died of treatment-related causes than males (Hazard ratio = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.5-5.3, P = 0.002). Five months after beginning the treatment, the cumulative incidence of treatment-related deaths was 2.6% for females and 1.2% for males. Similar disparities were found among ALL-SR patients, with females experiencing significantly more hospital days and treatment-related toxicities than males.
conclusionsThis study complements cancer survivorship studies that also report an increase in treatment-related late effects among females. Risk profiles appear to be different for male and female patients, with females having greater risk of developing both acute and long-term treatment-related toxicities. The underlying biological mechanisms for these sex differences are poorly understood and warrant further study in order to determine how sex-based outcome disparities can be addressed in future clinical trials and practice.
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