Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26173719›Full record

Trial reportBMJ open2015

Barriers to uptake among high-risk individuals declining participation in lung cancer screening: a mixed methods analysis of the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) trial.

Noor Ali, Kate J Lifford, Ben Carter, Fiona McRonald, Ghasem Yadegarfar, David R Baldwin, David Weller, David M Hansell, Stephen W Duffy, John K Field and 1 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 124 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04083859 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

A Pragmatic Randomized-Controlled Trial of a Digital Outreach Intervention for Lung Cancer Screening: mPATH-Lung (Mobile Patient Technology for Health-Lung)

TypeinterventionalSponsorWake Forest University Health SciencesRan2022 to 2024Enrolled26,998ConditionsLung CancerArmsmPATH-Lung, Lung health video
NCT07572773 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

CHAMP: Community Health Assessment and Monitoring in the Pharmacy. Assessing the Impact of a Community Pharmacist Lung Cancer Screening (LCS) Program

TypeinterventionalSponsorJill KolesarRan2026 to 2028Enrolled300ConditionsLung Cancer, Early Lung Cancer DetectionArmsDELFI Diagnostics FirstLook Lung Cancer Screening Blood Test, Low-Does CT Scan
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  3. Exploring Whether and How People Experiencing High Deprivation Access Diagnostic Services: A Qualitative Systematic Review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
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64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Noor AliCochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
Kate J LiffordCochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
Ben CarterCochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
Fiona McRonaldCochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK.
Ghasem YadegarfarDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK.
David R BaldwinRespiratory Medicine Unit, David Evans Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
David WellerCentre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK.
David M HansellDepartment of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London UK.
Stephen W DuffyWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
John K FieldDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK.
Kate BrainCochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.

Funding

Department of Health 07/82/01Department of Health 09/61/01Department of Health 09/61/501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe current study aimed to identify the barriers to participation among high-risk individuals in the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) pilot trial.

settingThe UKLS pilot trial is a randomised controlled trial of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening that has recruited high-risk people using a population approach in the Cambridge and Liverpool areas.

participantsHigh-risk individuals aged 50-75 years were invited to participate in UKLS. Individuals were excluded if a LDCT scan was performed within the last year, if they were unable to provide consent, or if LDCT screening was unable to be carried out due to coexisting comorbidities. OUTCOME MEASURES: Statistical associations between individual characteristics and UKLS uptake were examined using multivariable regression modelling. In those who completed a non-participation questionnaire (NPQ), thematic analysis of free-text data was undertaken to identify reasons for not taking part, with subsequent exploratory linkage of key themes to risk factors for non-uptake.

resultsComparative data were available from 4061 high-risk individuals who consented to participate in the trial and 2756 who declined participation. Of those declining participation, 748 (27.1%) completed a NPQ. Factors associated with non-uptake included: female gender (OR=0.64, p<0.001), older age (OR=0.73, p<0.001), current smoking (OR=0.70, p<0.001), lower socioeconomic group (OR=0.56, p<0.001) and higher affective risk perception (OR=0.52, p<0.001). Among non-participants who provided a reason, two main themes emerged reflecting practical and emotional barriers. Smokers were more likely to report emotional barriers to participation.

conclusionsA profile of risk factors for non-participation in lung screening has emerged, with underlying reasons largely relating to practical and emotional barriers. Strategies for engaging high-risk, hard-to-reach groups are critical for the equitable uptake of a potential future lung cancer screening programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The UKLS trial was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Register under the reference 78513845.

Indexed as

Early Detection of CancerPatient Acceptance of Health CareRefusal to ParticipateAgedAge FactorsFearFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsRadiation DosageRisk FactorsSex FactorsSmokingBarriersHigh-riskLung cancerScreeningUKLS

Identifiers

PMID26173719
PMCPMC4513485

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.