Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26170661›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2015

Compound antimalarial ethosomal cataplasm: preparation, evaluation, and mechanism of penetration enhancement.

Shuo Shen, Shu-Zhi Liu, Yu-Shi Zhang, Mao-Bo Du, Ai-Hua Liang, Li-Hua Song, Zu-Guang Ye

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Shuo ShenInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Shu-Zhi LiuInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Yu-Shi ZhangInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Mao-Bo DuInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Ai-Hua LiangInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Li-Hua SongInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Zu-Guang YeInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malaria is still a serious public health problem in some parts of the world. The problems of recurrence and drug resistance are increasingly more serious. Thus, it is necessary to develop a novel antimalarial agent. The objectives of this study were to construct a novel compound antimalarial transdermal nanosystem-ethosomal cataplasm, to investigate its characteristics and efficiency, and to systematically explore the penetration-enhancing mechanisms of ethosomal cataplasm. Artesunate-loaded ethosomes and febrifugine-loaded ethosomes were prepared, and their characteristics were evaluated. Drug-loaded ethosomes were incorporated in the matrix of cataplasm to form the compound antimalarial ethosomal cataplasm. With the help of ethosomal technology, the accumulated permeation quantity of artesunate significantly increased at 8 hours after administration, which was 1.57 times as much as that of conventional cataplasm. Soon after administration, the ethosomal cataplasm could make a large quantity of antimalarial drug quickly penetrate through skin, then the remaining drug in the ethosomal cataplasm could be steadily released. These characteristics of ethosomal cataplasm are favorable for antimalarial drugs to kill Plasmodium spp. quickly and prevent the resurgence of Plasmodium spp. As expected, the ethosomal cataplasm showed good antimalarial efficiency in this experiment. The negative conversion rates were 100% and the recurrence rates were 0% at all dosages. The mechanism of penetration enhancement of the ethosomal cataplasm was systematically explored using an optics microscope, polarization microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The microstructure, ultrastructure, and birefringent structure in skin were observed. Data obtained in this study showed that the application of ethosomal technology to antimalarial cataplasm could improve the transdermal delivery of drug, enhance the efficacy, and facilitate practical application in clinic.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsDrug CarriersNanoparticlesAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsArtemisininsArtesunateEthanolMaleMicePhospholipidsSkinSurface-Active AgentsAntimalarialsArtemisininsArtesunateDrug CarriersEthanolPhospholipidsSurface-Active Agentsartesunateethosomesfebrifuginetransdermal drug-delivery systems

Identifiers

PMID26170661
PMCPMC4494185
OpenAlexW1944723227

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.