Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26170648›Full record

ArticleClinical interventions in aging2015

Depressive symptoms in caregivers of patients with dementia: demographic variables and burden.

Pasquale De Fazio, Paola Ciambrone, Gregorio Cerminara, Elvira Barbuto, Antonella Bruni, Patrizia Gentile, Amalia Talarico, Roberto Lacava, Pietro Gareri, Cristina Segura-García

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Article in Clinical interventions in aging, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Carers' needs assessment for patients with dementia in Ghana.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2022
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  18. The hidden patient: chronic physical morbidity, psychological distress, and quality of life in caregivers of older adults.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Pasquale De FazioPsychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Paola CiambronePsychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Gregorio CerminaraPsychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Elvira BarbutoPsychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Antonella BruniPsychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Patrizia GentilePsychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Amalia TalaricoUnit for the Elderly, ASP Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Roberto LacavaUnit for the Elderly, ASP Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Pietro GareriUnit for the Elderly, ASP Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Cristina Segura-GarcíaPsychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIndividuals suffering from dementia are affected by a progressive and significant global deterioration and, consequently, might require longer assistance in the advanced stage of the illness. The illness is a great burden on the person who takes care of a patient, namely, the caregiver. This study aims to analyze the presence and relationship of specific sociodemographic variables, subjective burden, and depressive symptoms among caregivers of patients with dementia.

methodsThe participants of this study were caregivers at a health care unit for the elderly in southern Italy. An evaluation of the burden of patients with dementia on caregivers was carried out using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and depressive symptoms using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS).

resultsA total of 150 caregivers completed the study. In all, 83 (55%) caregivers showed a total CBI score ≥36, of whom 70% showed pathological depression scores in SDS. According to SDS, 28 (19%) caregivers showed a total CBI score from 24 to 36, of whom 32% were depressed. Depression was present in 5% of the caregivers whose CBI score was <24. Hence, an association between burden and depression was evident (χ(2)=47.446, P<0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that depression (adjusted R(2)=0.622, F=50.123, P<0.001) was associated with higher physical (β=0.666, P=0.001) and developmental (β=0.712, P<0.001) burdens, lower socioeconomic status (β=-4.282; P=0.002), higher level of urbanicity (β=3.070; P=0.012), and advanced age (β=2.132; P=0.08).

conclusionOur study confirms the presence of depressive symptoms in a large number of caregivers with high burden. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that depressive symptoms are mainly associated with sociodemographic variables and, to a lesser degree, physical and developmental burdens.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalAdultAge FactorsCaregiversCost of IllnessDementiaDepressionFemaleHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesResidence CharacteristicsSocioeconomic Factorscaregiverdementiadepressiondevelopmental burdenelderlyphysical burden

Identifiers

PMID26170648
PMCPMC4494176

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.