Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26169512›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2015

Causes of death in people with liver cirrhosis in England compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study.

Sonia Ratib, Kate M Fleming, Colin J Crooks, Alex J Walker, Joe West

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Article
  10. Clinical decision instruments for predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis seeking emergency department care.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Liver cirrhosis and sarcopenia: a dreadful combination.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sonia RatibCentre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Kate M FlemingDivision of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Colin J CrooksDivision of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Alex J WalkerDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Joe WestDivision of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council G0802427
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThere is a need for unbiased estimates of cause-specific mortality by etiology in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to use nationwide linked electronic routine healthcare data from primary and secondary care alongside the national death registry data to report such estimates.

methodsWe identified from the linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and English Hospital Episode Statistics adults with an incident diagnosis of liver cirrhosis linked to the Office for National Statistics between 1998 and 2009. Age-matched controls from the CPRD general population were selected. We calculated the cumulative incidence (adjusting for competing risks) and excess risk of death by 5 years from diagnosis for different causes of death, stratified by etiology and stage of disease.

resultsFive thousand one hundred and eighteen patients with cirrhosis were matched to 152,903 controls. Among compensated patients, the 5-year excess risk of liver-related death was higher than that of any other cause of death for all patients, except those of unspecified etiology. For example, those of alcohol etiology had 30.8% excess risk of liver-related death (95% confidence interval (CI): 27.9%, 33.1%) compared with 9.9% excess risk of non-liver-related death. However, patients of unspecified etiology had a higher excess risk of non-liver-related compared with liver-related death (10.7% vs. 6.7%). This was due to a high excess risk of non-liver neoplasm death (7.7%, 95% CI: 5.9%, 9.5%). All decompensated patients had a higher excess of liver-related mortality than any other cause.

conclusionsIn order to reduce associated mortality among people with liver cirrhosis, patients' care pathways need to be tailored depending on the etiology and stage of the disease.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCarcinoma, HepatocellularCase-Control StudiesCause of DeathCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualEnglandFemaleHumansLiver CirrhosisLiver Cirrhosis, AlcoholicLiver NeoplasmsMaleMedical Record LinkageMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID26169512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.