ArticleBMC public health2015
Estimation of the benchmark dose of urinary cadmium as the reference level for renal dysfunction: a large sample study in five cadmium polluted areas in China.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic heavy metal exposure in Yunnan Province disrupts intestinal defenses and increases susceptibility to pathogens: an integrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Review
- Cadmium and its inorganic compounds - Addendum: re-evaluation of the BLW: Assessment Values in Biological Material - Translation of the German version from 2025.The MAK collection for occupational health and safety · 2025Review
- Statement on Establishment of A Provisional Health Based Guidance Value for Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in China.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Current Levels of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium in Industrialized Countries as a Risk Factor for Kidney Damage in the General Population: A Comprehensive Review of Available Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Pollutants enhance IgE sensitization in the gut via local alteration of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes.Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) accumulation by Thai rice varieties and health risk assessment in a Cd-Zn co-contaminated paddy field: Effect of soil amendments.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2021Article
- Dose-response evaluation of urinary cadmium and kidney injury biomarkers in Chinese residents and dietary limit standards.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Creation of Hollow Calcite Single Crystals with CQDs: Synthesis, Characterization, and Fast and Efficient Decontamination of Cd(II).Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The references level of cadmium intake for renal dysfunction in a Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Cadmium exposure and early renal effects in the children and adults living in a tungsten-molybdenum mining areas of South China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Dietary Cadmium Intake and Its Effects on Kidneys.Toxics · 2018Review
- Recommended Rice Intake Levels Based on Average Daily Dose and Urinary Excretion of Cadmium in a Cadmium-Contaminated Area of Northwestern Thailand.Toxicological research · 2017Article
- Analyzing the role of soil and rice cadmium pollution on human renal dysfunction by correlation and path analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Rediscovering Beta-2 Microglobulin As a Biomarker across the Spectrum of Kidney Diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2017Review
- Environmental Exposure to Cadmium: Health Risk Assessment and its Associations with Hypertension and Impaired Kidney Function.Scientific reports · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundItai-itai disease primarily results from cadmium (Cd) exposure and is known as one of the four major pollution diseases in Japan. Cd pollution is more serious in several areas of China than in Japan. However, there is still a lack of information regarding the threshold level of Cd exposure for the adverse health effects in the general Chinese population. This study aims to evaluate the reference value of urinary Cd (UCd) for renal dysfunction in a Chinese population as the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) based on a large sample survey.
methodsA total of 6103 participants who lived in five Cd polluted areas of China participated in this study. We analyzed UCd levels as a biomarker of exposure and urinary β2-microglobulin (Uβ2-MG) levels as a renal tubular effect biomarker. The BMD studies were performed using BMD software. The benchmark response (BMR) was defined as a 10% additional risk above the background.
resultsThere was a positive correlation between the UCd levels and the prevalence of Uβ2-MG. The BMD of UCd for Uβ2-MG was estimated for each province. The findings showed that the BMD levels were related to the participants' geographic region, which may be partially due to the large differences in Cd exposure level, ethnic group, lifestyle and diet of the sample population in these study areas. The reference level of UCd for the renal effects was further evaluated by combining the five sets of data from all 6103 subjects. The overall BMDLs of UCd for Uβ2-MG with an excess risk of 10% were 2.00 μg/g creatinine (μg/g cr) in males and 1.69 μg/g cr in females, which were significantly lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold level of 5 μg/g cr for Cd-related renal effects.
conclusionsThe selection of the sample population and geographic region affected the BMDL evaluation. Based on the findings of this survey of a large sample population, the UCd BMDLs for Uβ2-MG in males with BMRs at 10% were 2.00 μg/g cr. The BMD was slightly lower in females, which indicated that females may be relatively more sensitive to Cd exposure than males.
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