Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26167519›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors reports2015

An Exploration of Online Behaviors and Social Media Use Among Hookah and Electronic-Cigarette Users.

Alissa R Link, Philip B Cawkwell, Donna R Shelley, Scott E Sherman

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017
    Pooled it
  2. Testing the Effects of Hookah Tobacco Social Media Risk Communication Messages Among Young Adults.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2021
    Trial
  3. Social Media Engagement and Quit Intentions Among Youth With Exclusive E-cigarette Use: The Moderating Role of Social Norms.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. E-Cigarette Marketing and Communication: How E-Cigarette Companies Market E-Cigarettes and the Public Engages with E-cigarette Information.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019
    Review
  14. Electronic cigarette usage patterns: a case study combining survey and social media data.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2019
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Analysis of State-Specific Prevalence, Regional Differences, and Correlates of Hookah Use in U.S. Adults, 2012-2013.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2017
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alissa R LinkNew York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, Section on Tobacco, Alcohol & Drug Use, 550 First Avenue, VZ30, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA.
Philip B CawkwellNew York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA.
Donna R ShelleyNew York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, Section on Tobacco, Alcohol & Drug Use, 550 First Avenue, VZ30, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA.
Scott E ShermanNew York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, Section on Tobacco, Alcohol & Drug Use, 550 First Avenue, VZ30, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA.
New York University · US

Funding

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research for Dr. Scott ShermanK24DA038345 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI SHERMAN, SCOTT E · 2014 to 2018
$923k
NIDA NIH HHS K24 DA038345
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social norms and attitudes towards ENDS and hookah and use of these products.

methodsWe conducted surveys with hookah and ENDS users who regularly used the Internet and social media and analyzed the primary social media account (e.g. Facebook) of each participant, coding all references to nicotine or tobacco products. The survey included domains on perceived favorability, perceived vulnerability and subjective norms.

resultsWe surveyed 21 ENDS users and 20 hookah users. Both groups used the Internet to look up information about their respective tobacco product (95% for hookah vs. 90% for ENDS). Seventy percent of hookah users had references to hookah on their social media profiles while 43% of ENDS users had references to ENDS on their page. The majority of both groups were exposed to content posted by friends in their social media network about their respective products online. Those who posted on social media about hookah and those who read about ENDS online had lower perceived vulnerability to the health risks associated with tobacco products.

conclusionsHookah and ENDS users actively use the Internet and social media to obtain and share information about nicotine/tobacco products. Study participants who use hookah were more likely to share photos and discuss hookah related activities via social media than those who use ENDS. Social networks also represent valuable and untapped potential resources for communicating with this group about risks and harm reduction related to emerging nicotine/tobacco products.

Indexed as

alternative tobacco productsbehavioralonline behaviorpreventionpublic healthsocial media

Identifiers

PMID26167519
PMCPMC4496793
OpenAlexW426794272

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.