ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2015
Predicting human exposure and risk from chlorinated indoor swimming pool: a case study.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Route-resolved priority risks of disinfection by-products in indoor pools: the underestimated role of buccal/sublingual exposure for the public and competitive swimmers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Distribution and risk assessment of pesticide residues in sediment samples from river Ganga, India.PloS one · 2023Article
- Occurrence of Disinfection By-Products in Swimming Pools in the Area of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. Assessment of Multi-Pathway Exposure and Risk.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Human health risk estimation and predictive modeling of halogenated disinfection by- products (chloroform) in swimming pool waters: a case study of Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study predicted human exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in a chlorinated indoor swimming pool. Human exposure was predicted through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes while ingestion exposure was accidental with water intake of 18-34 mL/h. The number of pool attendants and duration and frequency of swimming were in the ranges of 14-62 persons/day, 40-85 min/event, and 26-48 times/year, respectively. Trihalomethanes (THMs) in pool water and air were 28.7-95.5 μg/L and 44.1-133.6 μg/m(3), respectively, while haloacetic acids (HAAs) in pool water were 68.9-158.9 μg/L. The brominated THMs in water and air were 95.4 and 94.3% of total THMs, respectively, while brominated HAAs were 94.4 % of total HAAs. Chronic daily intakes of THMs and HAAs were 2.16 × 10(-5)-3.14 × 10(-3) and 8.4 × 10(-8)-4.6 × 10(-6) mg/kg-day, respectively. The cancer risk from three THMs and two HAAs was 2.46 × 10(-5) with a range of 8.1 × 10(-6)-5.7 × 10(-5), in which THMs contributed 99.6% of total risks. Approximately 99.3% of risks were through inhalation and dermal routes, indicating that the ingestion route may be insignificant. The cancer risks from THMs in swimming pool were 4.06-6.64 times to the cancer risks from THMs in drinking water.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.