ReviewVaccine2015
The weight of obesity on the human immune response to vaccination.
Review in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05163743 (COVID-19 Vaccination in Subjects With Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 126 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
COVID-19 Vaccination in Subjects With Obesity: Impact of Metabolic Health and the Role of a Ketogenic Diet
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-COVID syndrome prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Gene expression profiling of host lipid metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a systematic review and integrated bioinformatics analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing the relationship between body mass index and influenza-like illness risk and symptom severity among military health system beneficiaries vaccinated against influenza: a pooled prospective cohort study from a randomized trial.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Association between body mass index and influenza antibody titer and immune cell count after influenza vaccination: an exploratory study.BMC immunology · 2026Observational
- Body Mass Index and Vaccine-induced Immune Responses in Children Living With HIV.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Associations of serum PFAS with COVID-19 antibody levels among fully vaccinated adults.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Association of Body Mass Index with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Inflammatory Arthritis Patients Receiving Biologic Therapy: Singapore National Biologics Register Findings.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Lifestyle intervention is associated with attenuation of ER stress/inflammation and enhancement of naive immune cell identity in older adults with metabolic disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Expansion of bone marrow adipocytes in obese mice leads to PD-L1-driven bone marrow immunosuppression and osteoclastogenesis.Bone research · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and immunogenicity of a nanoemulsion protein subunit vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: investigation in diet-induced obese mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- High BMI and low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence are associated with increased risk of severe bacterial infections in adulthood.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- CD11c+ Tbet+ B cells constrain obesity- and vaccination-induced germinal center B cells and T helper cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Age and primary vaccination schedule impact humoral and cellular immunity with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.iScience · 2025Article
- Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults.Nature aging · 2025Review
- A scoping review: the impact of nutritional status on the efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- A unique inflammaging profile generated by T cells from people with obesity is metformin resistant.GeroScience · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Underserved Racial/Ethnic Minority People Living with HIV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- An in-depth understanding of the role and mechanisms of T cells in immune organ aging and age-related diseases.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19 breakthrough infection among the fully vaccinated urban population of South Gujarat - A retrospective cohort study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the high success of protection against several infectious diseases through effective vaccines, some sub-populations have been observed to respond poorly to vaccines, putting them at increased risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. In particular, the limited data concerning the effect of obesity on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy suggests that obesity is a factor that increases the likelihood of a poor vaccine-induced immune response. Obesity occurs through the deposition of excess lipids into adipose tissue through the production of adipocytes, and is defined as a body-mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m(2). The immune system is adversely affected by obesity, and these "immune consequences" raise concern for the lack of vaccine-induced immunity in the obese patient requiring discussion of how this sub-population might be better protected.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.