ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Pathogenic Enteric Viruses and Microbial Indicators during Secondary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occurrence of coliphage in raw wastewater and in ambient water: A meta-analysis.Water research · 2019Pooled it
- Occurrence of Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Domestic Agricultural Waters.Food safety (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Enteroviruses in Water: Epidemiology, Detection and Inactivation.Environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Optimized Aluminum Hydroxide Adsorption-Precipitation for Improved Viral Detection in Wastewater.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- A Perspective on Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance as a Public Health Tool for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Review
- Viruses in Wastewater-A Concern for Public Health and the Environment.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Molecular characteristics of norovirus in sporadic and outbreak cases of acute gastroenteritis and in sewage in Sichuan, China.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Sources, fates and treatment strategies of typical viruses in urban sewage collection/treatment systems: A review.Desalination · 2022Article
- Monitoring Human Viral Pathogens Reveals Potential Hazard for Treated Wastewater Discharge or Reuse.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Assessment of the Impact on Human Health of the Presence of Norovirus in Bivalve Molluscs: What Data Do We Miss?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Performance evaluation of a dead-end hollowfiber ultrafiltration method for enumeration of somatic and F+ coliphage from recreational waters.Journal of virological methods · 2021Article
- Agricultural Detection of Norovirus and Hepatitis A Using Fecal Indicators: A Systematic Review.International journal of microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods.The Science of the total environment · 2020Review
- Detection of Enteric Viruses and Bacterial Indicators in a Sewage Treatment Center and Shallow Water Bay.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment.Water research · 2020Review
- Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments.Viruses · 2020Article
- Relationship Between Inactivation and Genome Damage of Human Enteroviruses Upon Treatment by UVFood and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Interlaboratory Comparative Study to Detect Potentially Infectious Human Enteric Viruses in Influent and Effluent Waters.Food and environmental virology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pathogenic enteric viruses are responsible for a wide range of infections in humans, with diverse symptoms. Raw and partially treated wastewaters are major sources of environmental contamination with enteric viruses. We monitored a municipal secondary wastewater treatment plant (New Orleans, LA) on a monthly basis for norovirus (NoV) GI and GII and enterovirus serotypes using multiplex reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and microbial indicators of fecal contamination using standard plating methods. Densities of indicator bacteria (enterococci, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli) did not show monthly or seasonal patterns. Norovirus GII was more abundant than GI and, along with enterovirus serotypes, increased in influent during fall and spring. The highest NoV GI density in influent was in the fall, reaching an average of 4.0 log10 genomic copies/100 ml. Norovirus GI removal (0.95 log10) was lower than that for GII, enterovirus serotypes, and male-specific coliphages (1.48 log10) or for indicator bacteria (4.36 log10), suggesting higher resistance of viruses to treatment. Male-specific coliphages correlated with NoV GII densities in influent and effluent (r = 0.48 and 0.76, respectively) and monthly removal, indicating that male-specific coliphages can be more reliable than indicator bacteria to monitor norovirus GII load and microbial removal. Dominant norovirus genotypes were classified into three GI genotypes (GI.1, GI.3, and GI.4) and four GII genotypes (GII.3, GII.4, GII.13, and GII.21), dominated by GI.1 and GII.4 strains. Some of the seasonal and temporal patterns we observed in the pathogenic enteric viruses were different from those of epidemiological observations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.