Trial reportCirculation. Cardiovascular interventions2015
Clinical Utility of the Japan-Chronic Total Occlusion Score in Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions: Results from a Multicenter Registry.
Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Trial report in Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02061436 (Multicenter Registry of Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multicenter Registry of Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The added value of coronary CTA in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European radiology · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic Value of Preoperative Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Chronic Total Occlusion of Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of interventional cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Performance of the J-CTO score versus other risk scores for predicting procedural difficulty in coronary chronic total occlusion interventions.Annals of medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Complex CTO Revascularization in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Illustrative Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Consensus of the National Heart Center in Collaboration With the Saudi CTO Club of the Saudi Arabian Cardiac Interventional Society.Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- The Role of Myocardial Revascularization in Ischemic Heart Failure in the Era of Modern Optimal Medical Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent chronic total occlusion-percutaneous coronary intervention.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2024Article
- The Role of Multimodality Imaging (CT & MR) as a Guide to the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Single versus Dual-Operator Approaches for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions within Chronic Total Occlusion-An Analysis of 27,788 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- New scoring system for predicting percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion success: Impact of operator's experience.Cardiology journal · 2023Article
- The challenges of a randomised placebo-controlled trial of CTO PCI vs. placebo with optimal medical therapy: The ORBITA-CTO pilot study design and protocol.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy as a novel strategy for balloon undilatable heavily calcified chronic total occlusion lesions.Cardiology journal · 2023Article
- J-chronic total occlusion score predictive capacity for percutaneous coronary intervention success of chronic total occlusion: Results from a European single center cohort with progressive experience over time.Cardiology journal · 2023Article
- Pre-procedural planning of coronary revascularization by cardiac computed tomography: An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022Article
- Time Management in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: When Do We Need to Change the Crossing Strategy?Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2022Article
- Validation of the newly introduced CASTLE Score for predicting successful CTO recanalization.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2022Review
- Chronic total occlusion revascularization: A complex piece to "complete" the puzzle.World journal of cardiology · 2022Review
- Impacts of Lesion Characteristics on Procedures and Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Recanalization With Antegrade Guidewire True Lumen Tracking Techniques: A Substudy of Taiwan True Lumen Tracking Registry.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Georgios ChristopoulosFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
R Michael WymanFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Khaldoon AlaswadFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Dimitri KarmpaliotisFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
William LombardiFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
J Aaron GranthamFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Robert W YehFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Farouc A JafferFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Daisha J CipherFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Bavana V RanganFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Georgios E ChristakopoulosFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Megan A KypreosFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Nicholas LemboFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
David KandzariFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Santiago GarciaFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Craig A ThompsonFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Subhash BanerjeeFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.).
Emmanouil S BrilakisFrom the VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.C., B.V.R., G.E.C., S.B., E.S.B.); Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, CA (R.M.W.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (K.A.); Columbia University, New York, NY (D.K.); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.L.); Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (J.A.G.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.W.Y., F.A.J.); College of Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (D.J.C.); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX (M.A.K.); Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (N.L., D.K.); Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.G.); and Boston Scientific, Natick, MA (C.A.T.). esbrilakis@gmail.com.
Funding
UT Southwestern Center for Translational Medicine (UL1/KL2/TL1)UL1TR001105 · NCATS · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI TOTO, ROBERT DANIEL · 2013 to 2017
$24.5MBalancing the Risks of Ischemia and Bleeding in Percutaneous Coronary InterventioK23HL118138 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI YEH, ROBERT · 2013 to 2017
$740kNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001105NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR001105NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL118138
Abstract
backgroundThe performance of the Japan-chronic total occlusion (J-CTO) score in predicting success and efficiency of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention has received limited study. METHODS AND
resultsWe examined the records of 650 consecutive patients who underwent CTO percutaneous coronary intervention between 2011 and 2014 at 6 experienced centers in the United States. Six hundred and fifty-seven lesions were classified as easy (J-CTO=0), intermediate (J-CTO=1), difficult (J-CTO=2), and very difficult (J-CTO≥3). The impact of the J-CTO score on technical success and procedure time was evaluated with univariable logistic and linear regression, respectively. The performance of the logistic regression model was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic and receiver operator characteristic curves. Antegrade wiring techniques were used more frequently in easy lesions (97%) than very difficult lesions (58%), whereas the retrograde approach became more frequent with increased lesion difficulty (41% for very difficult lesions versus 13% for easy lesions). The logistic regression model for technical success demonstrated satisfactory calibration and discrimination (P for Hosmer-Lemeshow =0.743 and area under curve =0.705). The J-CTO score was associated with a 2-fold increase in the odds of technical failure (odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.52-2.80, P<0.001). Procedure time increased by ≈20 minutes for every 1-point increase of the J-CTO score (regression coefficient 22.33, 95% confidence interval 17.45-27.22, P<0.001).
conclusionsJ-CTO score was strongly associated with final success and efficiency in this study, supporting its expanded use in CTO interventions. CLINICAL
trial registrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02061436.
Indexed as
RegistriesAgedCoronary OcclusionFemaleForecastingHumansLinear ModelsLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedOperative TimePercutaneous Coronary InterventionTreatment Outcomechronic total occlusioncomplicationJ-CTO scoreoutcomepercutaneous coronary interventionradiation
Identifiers
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Registered trials
NCT02061436ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.