ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2015
Adaptive Immunity in Schizophrenia: Functional Implications of T Cells in the Etiology, Course and Treatment.
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative Analysis of Serum BAFF and IL-17 Levels Pre- and Post-Antipsychotic Treatment for Acute Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Th17-related cytokines and chemokines are associated with immune dysregulation and severity in schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Analysis of gene expression in the postmortem brain of neurotypical Black Americans reveals contributions of genetic ancestry.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Altered levels of cytokine, T- and B-lymphocytes, and PD-1 expression rates in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with acute phase.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Significance of an altered lncRNA landscape in schizophrenia and cognition: clues from a case-control association study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Genetic and environmental contributions to ancestry differences in gene expression in the human brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Shared Genetic Loci Between Schizophrenia and White Blood Cell Counts Suggest Genetically Determined Systemic Immune Abnormalities.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Microglia and microbiome in schizophrenia: can immunomodulation improve symptoms?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- Genetic variants associated with psychiatric disorders are enriched at epigenetically active sites in lymphoid cells.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Plasma Levels of the Cytokines B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross Sectional, Multisite Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- Exploration of the relationship between hippocampus and immune system in schizophrenia based on immune infiltration analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Subtypes of schizophrenia identified by multi-omic measures associated with dysregulated immune function.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- The Role of the Second Extracellular Loop of Norepinephrine Transporter, Neurotrophin-3 and Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase C in T Cells: A Peripheral Biomarker in the Etiology of Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Hidden Role of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Schizophrenia: Antipsychotics or Psychobiotics as Therapeutics?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Immunoinflammatory Profile in Patients with Episodic and Continuous Paranoid Schizophrenia.Consortium psychiatricum · 2021Article
- Increased random exploration in schizophrenia is associated with inflammation.NPJ schizophrenia · 2021Article
- Cytokine Imbalance in Schizophrenia. From Research to Clinic: Potential Implications for Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs: Cross Talk Between the Nervous and Innate Immune System.CNS drugs · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and highly complex neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown etiopathology. Recently, immunopathogenesis has emerged as one of the most compelling etiological models of schizophrenia. Over the past few years considerable research has been devoted to the role of innate immune responses in schizophrenia. The findings of such studies have helped to conceptualize schizophrenia as a chronic low-grade inflammatory disorder. Although the contribution of adaptive immune responses has also been emphasized, however, the precise role of T cells in the underlying neurobiological pathways of schizophrenia is yet to be ascertained comprehensively. T cells have the ability to infiltrate brain and mediate neuro-immune cross-talk. Conversely, the central nervous system and the neurotransmitters are capable of regulating the immune system. Neurotransmitter like dopamine, implicated widely in schizophrenia risk and progression can modulate the proliferation, trafficking and functions of T cells. Within brain, T cells activate microglia, induce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as reactive oxygen species and subsequently lead to neuroinflammation. Importantly, such processes contribute to neuronal injury/death and are gradually being implicated as mediators of neuroprogressive changes in schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs, commonly used to treat schizophrenia are also known to affect adaptive immune system; interfere with the differentiation and functions of T cells. This understanding suggests a pivotal role of T cells in the etiology, course and treatment of schizophrenia and forms the basis of this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.