ArticleFrontiers in plant science2015
5-azacytidine promotes microspore embryogenesis initiation by decreasing global DNA methylation, but prevents subsequent embryo development in rapeseed and barley.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 49 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- A versatile chemical toolbox drives plant regeneration.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- 5-azacytidine affects triticale microspore embryogenesis and is associated with modulation of reactive oxygen species, cysteine protease profiles, and programmed cell death.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Variable alterations in frequencies of CRISPR/Cas9-induced nucleotide deletion and insertion in transgenic maize callus tissues exposed to chromatin modifiers.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Article
- Molecular Insights into Microspore Embryogenesis: Transcriptomic Dynamics in Barley and Wheat.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Monitoring Barley Microspore Embryogenesis: In Vitro Culture and Immunolocalization Analyses.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Targeting histone acetylation to enhance somatic embryogenesis in Quercus suber L.Tree physiology · 2025Article
- Integrative Analysis of Omics Reveals RdDM Pathway Participation in the Initiation of Rice Microspore Embryogenesis Under Cold Treatment.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Demethylating drugs alter protoplast development, regeneration, and the genome stability of protoplast-derived regenerants of cabbage.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Small molecules, enormous functions: potential approach for overcoming bottlenecks in embryogenic tissue induction and maintenance in conifers.Horticulture research · 2024Review
- New Epigenetic Modifier Inhibitors Enhance Microspore Embryogenesis in Bread Wheat.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Somatic embryogenesis from mature sorghum seeds: An underutilized genome editing recipient system.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Epigenetic modifications and miRNAs determine the transition of somatic cells into somatic embryos.Plant cell reports · 2023Review
- Plants and Small Molecules: An Up-and-Coming Synergy.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Physiological, epigenetic, and proteomic responses in Pfaffia glomerata growth in vitro under salt stress and 5-azacytidine.Protoplasma · 2023Article
- Article
- Exploring the crop epigenome: a comparison of DNA methylation profiling techniques.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- The dynamics of chromatin states mediated by epigenetic modifications during somatic cell reprogramming.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Genetic and epigenetic modes of the regulation of somatic embryogenesis: a review.Biologia futura · 2022Review
- Cellular responses of oil palm genotypes during somatic embryogenesis involve participation of procambial cells, DNA demethylation, and auxin accumulation.Plant cell reports · 2022Article
- Azacytidine arrests ripening in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) by repressing key genes and altering hormone contents.BMC plant biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microspores are reprogrammed by stress in vitro toward embryogenesis. This process is an important tool in breeding to obtain double-haploid plants. DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification that changes in differentiation and proliferation. We have shown changes in global DNA methylation during microspore reprogramming. 5-Azacytidine (AzaC) cannot be methylated and leads to DNA hypomethylation. AzaC is a useful demethylating agent to study DNA dynamics, with a potential application in microspore embryogenesis. This work analyzes the effects of short and long AzaC treatments on microspore embryogenesis initiation and progression in two species, the dicot Brassica napus and the monocot Hordeum vulgare. This involved the quantitative analyses of proembryo and embryo production, the quantification of DNA methylation, 5-methyl-deoxy-cytidine (5mdC) immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, and the analysis of chromatin organization (condensation/decondensation) by light and electron microscopy. Four days of AzaC treatments (2.5 μM) increased embryo induction, response associated with a decrease of DNA methylation, modified 5mdC, and heterochromatin patterns compared to untreated embryos. By contrast, longer AzaC treatments diminished embryo production. Similar effects were found in both species, indicating that DNA demethylation promotes microspore reprogramming, totipotency acquisition, and embryogenesis initiation, while embryo differentiation requires de novo DNA methylation and is prevented by AzaC. This suggests a role for DNA methylation in the repression of microspore reprogramming and possibly totipotency acquisition. Results provide new insights into the role of epigenetic modifications in microspore embryogenesis and suggest a potential benefit of inhibitors, such as AzaC, to improve the process efficiency in biotechnology and breeding programs.
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