ReviewJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2016
A Literature Review of the Use of Sodium Bicarbonate for the Treatment of QRS Widening.
Review in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Tricyclic Antidepressant Poisoning: A 6-year Retrospective Observational Cross-sectional Analysis of Emergency Department Presentation, Clinical Severity, and Hospital Outcomes in a Tertiary Academic Center.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Three Empty Bottles and a Wide QRS: Rapid Alkalinization Rescue in Propafenone Overdose.The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management · 2026Article
- Propafenone Overdose Presenting With Brugada Phenocopy, QRS Widening, and Ventricular Fibrillation.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Critical care management of the patient with pharmaceutical poisoning.Intensive care medicine · 2025Review
- Sodium bicarbonate to the ROSCue: a case report on how sodium bicarbonate successfully resuscitated a patient in cardiac arrest from suspected quetiapine and trazodone overdose.European heart journal. Case reports · 2025Article
- Fosphenytoin may be effective in shortening the half-life of lamotrigine in case of overdose: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Defects in anaplerotic metabolism sensitizeMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Management of Systemic Cardiotoxicity Associated with Antidepressant Use in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- [Reversibility of a critical intraventricular conduction delay under flecainide and lacosamide by sodium bicarbonate].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Evolving trends of pharmaceutical poisonings associated with QRS complex prolongation.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Treating Diphenhydramine Overdose: A Literature Review of Currently Available Treatment Methods.Toxics · 2024Review
- Electrocardiogram Abnormality in Poisoned Patients with Tricyclic Antidepressant.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
- Management of acute carbamazepine poisoning: A narrative review.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Review
- Effective Treatment of Acute Tricyclic Antidepressant Poisoning with Cardiogenic Shock and Severe Rhabdomyolysis Using ECMO and CytoSorb® Adsorber.The American journal of case reports · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying lipid emulsion resuscitation for drug toxicity: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2023Review
- Fluid Stewardship of Maintenance Intravenous Fluids.Journal of pharmacy practice · 2022Review
- Bicarbonate Effects on Antibacterial Immunity and Mucus Glycobiology in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung: A Review With Selected Experimental Observations.Infectious microbes & diseases · 2022Article
- A Case Report of Cardiogenic Syncope Due to Loperamide Abuse: Acute Presentation and Novel Use of Buprenorphine.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2021Article
- Extracorporeal life support as bridge to recovery in yew poisoning: case reports and literature review.ESC heart failure · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate is a well-known antidote for tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) poisoning. It has been used for over half a century to treat toxin-induced sodium channel blockade as evidenced by QRS widening on the electrocardiogram (ECG). The purpose of this review is to describe the literature regarding electrophysiological mechanisms and clinical use of this antidote after poisoning by tricyclic antidepressants and other agents. This article will also address the literature supporting an increased serum sodium concentration, alkalemia, or the combination of both as the responsible mechanism(s) for sodium bicarbonate's antidotal properties. While sodium bicarbonate has been used as a treatment for cardiac sodium channel blockade for multiple other agents including citalopram, cocaine, flecainide, diphenhydramine, propoxyphene, and lamotrigine, it has uncertain efficacy with bupropion, propranolol, and taxine-containing plants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.