ReviewInternational journal of surgery (London, England)2015
Immunobiological barriers to xenotransplantation.
Review in International journal of surgery (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically engineered porcine liver: a new era in transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Liver Xenotransplantation: From Early Primate Trials to the First-in-Human Porcine Bridging Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Present Advances and Emerging Challenges in Kidney Xenotransplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Genome-wide Genetic Mutations Accumulated in Pigs Genome-edited for Xenotransplantation and Their Filial Generation.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- CRISPR and gene editing for kidney diseases: where are we?Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Enhancing Kidney Transplantation and the Role of Xenografts: Report of a Scientific Workshop Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2024Review
- Human PD-L1 overexpression decreases xenogeneic human T-cell immune responses towards porcine kidneys.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Ethical and legislative advances in xenotransplantation for clinical translation: focusing on cardiac, kidney and islet cell xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Regulatory macrophages in solid organ xenotransplantation.Korean journal of transplantation · 2023Review
- Genetic Engineering of Donor Pig for the First Human Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Combatting Rejection, Coagulopathy, Inflammation, and Excessive Growth.Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- The effect of decellularization protocols on characterizations of thermoresponsive and light-curable corneal extracellular matrix hydrogels.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Transitioning of renal transplant pathology from allograft to xenograft and tissue engineering pathology: Are we prepared?World journal of transplantation · 2023Review
- Anti-tumor activity of intratumoral xenogeneic urothelial cell monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy in syngeneic murine models of bladder cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- The history of cardiac xenotransplantation: early attempts, major advances, and current progress.Frontiers in transplantation · 2023Review
- Efficient and Safe Editing of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Genomes by Multiple-Site Base-Editing Editor.Cells · 2022Article
- Cardiology of the future: xenotransplantation with porcine heart.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022Article
- The Relative Abundances of Human Leukocyte Antigen-E, α-Galactosidase A and α-Gal Antigenic Determinants Are Biased by Trichostatin A-Dependent Epigenetic Transformation of Triple-Transgenic Pig-Derived Dermal Fibroblast Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Human IL-17 and TNF-α Additively or Synergistically Regulate the Expression of Proinflammatory Genes, Coagulation-Related Genes, and Tight Junction Genes in Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Binding of natural anti-pig antibodies in humans and nonhuman primates to carbohydrate antigens expressed on the transplanted pig organ, the most important of which is galactose-α1,3-galactose (Gal), activate the complement cascade, which results in destruction of the graft within minutes or hours, known as hyperacute rejection. Even if antibody is removed from the recipient's blood by plasmapheresis, recovery of antibody is associated with acute humoral xenograft rejection. If immunosuppressive therapy is inadequate, the development of high levels of T cell-dependent elicited anti-pig IgG similarly results in graft destruction, though classical acute cellular rejection is rarely seen. Vascular endothelial activation by low levels of anti-nonGal antibody, coupled with dysregulation of the coagulation-anticoagulation systems between pigs and primates, leads to a thrombotic microangiopathy in the graft that may be associated with a consumptive coagulopathy in the recipient. The most successful approach to overcoming these barriers is by genetically-engineering the pig to provide it with resistance to the human humoral and cellular immune responses and to correct the coagulation discrepancies between the two species. Organs and cells from pigs that (i) do not express the important Gal antigen, (ii) express a human complement-regulatory protein, and (iii) express a human coagulation-regulatory protein, when combined with an effective immunosuppressive regimen, have been associated with prolonged pig graft survival in nonhuman primates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.