ArticleJournal of biomechanics2015
Structural and mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon: Sex and strength effects.
Article in Journal of biomechanics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ankle joint rotation and exerted moment during plantarflexion dependents on measuring- and fixation method.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Structure-aware fatigue modeling in foot deformities: A digital health framework for tissue-specific running injury risk prediction using multi-modal data.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Exploration on the influence of menstrual cycle phase on biceps brachii tendon mechanics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Muscle Tendon Passive Parameter Estimation Using Musculoskeletal Optimal Control.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- The effects of plantarflexor weakness and reduced tendon stiffness with aging on gait stability.PloS one · 2024Article
- Clinical and Ultrasonographic Characteristics of the Achilles Tendon in Hemodialysis Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- In Vivo Strain Patterns in the Achilles Tendon During Dynamic Activities: A Comprehensive Survey of the Literature.Sports medicine - open · 2023Review
- Article
- Muscle-tendon unit design and tuning for power enhancement, power attenuation, and reduction of metabolic cost.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Review
- Tendon compliance and preload must be considered when determining the in vivo force-velocity relationship from the torque-angular velocity relation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Differences in the cross-sectional area along the ankle tendons with both age and sex.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Quantification of the in vivo stiffness and natural length of the human plantar aponeurosis during quiet standing using ultrasound elastography.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Patellar Tendon Shear Wave Velocity Is Higher and has Different Regional Patterns in Elite Competitive Alpine Skiers than in Healthy Controls.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- The effect of footwear on mechanical behaviour of the human ankle plantar-flexors in forefoot runners.PloS one · 2022Article
- Sex differences in stretch-induced hypertrophy, maximal strength and flexibility gains.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Human Achilles tendon mechanical behavior is more strongly related to collagen disorganization than advanced glycation end-products content.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The energy of muscle contraction. IV. Greater mass of larger muscles decreases contraction efficiency.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2021Article
- Factors associated with positive outcomes of platelet-rich plasma therapy in Achilles tendinopathy.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2020Article
- Incidence of Tendinopathy in Team Sports in a Multidisciplinary Sports Club Over 8 Seasons.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2019Article
- The Potential Relationship Between Leg Bone Length and Running Performance in Well-Trained Endurance Runners.Journal of human kinetics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tendons are elastic structures that connect muscle to the skeletal system and transmit force relative to the amount of stretch they experience. The mechanical properties of human tendons are difficult to measure non-invasively, so generic values are often assumed in musculoskeletal models to represent all subjects. We aimed to determine the in vivo mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon by calculating tendon stiffness and resting length in 10 male and 10 female trained cyclists. B-mode ultrasound coupled with motion capture was used to track the tendon lengths for the medial and lateral gastrocnemii concurrently with ankle torque measurements during ramped isometric contractions. Achilles tendon stiffness was calculated as the slope of the linear portion of the force-length curve, and this was extrapolated to zero force to yield the tendon resting length. Average Achilles tendon stiffness was 201.8 ± 5.9 N mm(-1). There was no difference in Achilles tendon stiffness or maximum isometric force between males and females, however tendon stiffness varied between individuals. The resting lengths of the MG and LG tendon were 0.209 ± 0.002 m and 0.222 ± 0.002 m respectively, and regression models determined that shank length was the best predictor of resting tendon length. Our results indicate that Achilles tendon stiffness varies with muscle strength and not sex. The variability in Achilles tendon stiffness between subjects support the need for experimentally measured subject-specific tendon properties as input parameters to improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.