ArticleSleep2015
Narcolepsy in African Americans.
Article in Sleep, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Month of birth and the risk of narcolepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of targeting the orexin (hypocretin) system in sleep disorders.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- HLA-DQB1*03:01 strongly affects age of onset of type 1 narcolepsy independently of DQA1 and ethnicity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Incidence of pediatric narcolepsy diagnosis and management: evidence from claims data.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Sleep-related disorders in children: A narrative review.Pediatric discovery · 2024Review
- Narcolepsy type 2: phenotype is fundamental.Sleep · 2024Article
- Characterization of the Increase in Narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic in Sweden.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- pitolisant, a novel histamine-3 receptor competitive antagonist, and inverse agonist, in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in adult patients with narcolepsy.Health psychology research · 2022Review
- Treatment and care delivery in pediatric narcolepsy: a survey of parents, youth, and sleep physicians.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Article
- An Unusual Case of Type 1 Narcolepsy in an Ethiopian Patient.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Living with Narcolepsy: Current Management Strategies, Future Prospects, and Overlooked Real-Life Concerns.Nature and science of sleep · 2020Review
- Demographic and nap-related variance of the MSLT: results from 2,498 suspected hypersomnia patients: Clinical MSLT variance.Sleep medicine · 2019Article
- Article
- Genetic Ancestry for Sleep Research: Leveraging Health Inequalities to Identify Causal Genetic Variants.Chest · 2018Review
- Changes in Medical Services and Drug Utilization and Associated Costs After Narcolepsy Diagnosis in the United States.American health & drug benefits · 2018Article
- Article
- Sleep-stage transitions during polysomnographic recordings as diagnostic features of type 1 narcolepsy.Sleep medicine · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesAlthough narcolepsy affects 0.02-0.05% of individuals in various ethnic groups, clinical presentation in different ethnicities has never been fully characterized. Our goal was to study phenotypic expression across ethnicities in the United States. DESIGN/
settingCases of narcolepsy from 1992 to 2013 were identified from searches of the Stanford Center for Narcolepsy Research database. International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition diagnosis criteria for type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy were used for inclusion, but subjects were separated as with and without cataplexy for the purpose of data presentation. Information extracted included demographics, ethnicity and clinical data, HLA-DQB1*06:02, polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) data, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 level. PATIENTS: 182 African-Americans, 839 Caucasians, 35 Asians, and 41 Latinos with narcolepsy.
resultsSex ratio, PSG, and MSLT findings did not differ across ethnicities. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was higher and age of onset of sleepiness earlier in African Americans compared with other ethnicities. HLA-DQB1*06:02 positivity was higher in African Americans (91.0%) versus others (76.6% in Caucasians, 80.0% in Asians, and 65.0% in Latinos). CSF hypocretin-1 level, obtained in 222 patients, was more frequently low (≤ 110 pg/ml) in African Americans (93.9%) versus Caucasians (61.5%), Asians (85.7%) and Latinos (75.0%). In subjects with low CSF hypocretin-1, African Americans (28.3%) were 4.5 fold more likely to be without cataplexy when compared with Caucasians (8.1%).
conclusionsNarcolepsy in African Americans is characterized by earlier symptom onset, higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, higher HLA-DQB1*06:02 positivity, and low cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 level in the absence of cataplexy. In African Americans, more subjects without cataplexy have type 1 narcolepsy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.