SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2015
Conventional and Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cushing's Syndrome With Nocardiosis: A Case Report and a Systematic Review of the Literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Ectopic ACTH syndrome of different origin-Diagnostic approach and clinical outcome. Experience of one Clinical Centre.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Cyclic Cushing syndrome as a clinical enigma and diagnostic dilemma in advanced endocrinology.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Ectopic ACTH syndrome in an adult with metastatic Ewing sarcoma.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Conversion therapy followed by curative resection in a patient with ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor G3: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Syndrome Caused by Mediastinal Carcinoma: A Report of a Rare Case.Cureus · 2026Article
- Role ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A Difficult Case of Ectopic ACTH Syndrome: Is Treatment Possible Even Without Accurate Localization?Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2025Article
- Update in the Management of ACTH-Secreting Gastroenteropancreatic and Thoracic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Prospective Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-DOPA PET Scans in Detecting Tumors Causing Ectopic ACTH Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Review
- Cushing syndrome in paediatric population: who and how to screen.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Recognition and Management of Ectopic ACTH Secreting Tumors.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Case Report: Thymic neuroendocrine tumor with metastasis to the breast causing ectopic Cushing's syndrome.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- A case of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma complicated by ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome and resulting in rapid fetal outcomes due to sepsis.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Differentiating lung neuroendocrine neoplasms from tumor-like infection using CT in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome.Insights into imaging · 2024Article
- Article
- Renal Hypokalemia: An Endocrine Perspective.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextEctopic Cushing's Syndrome (ECS) can be a diagnostic challenge with the hormonal source difficult to find. This study analyzes the accuracy of imaging studies in ECS localization. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Systematic review of medical literature for ECS case series providing individual patient data on at least one conventional imaging technique (computed tomography [CT]/magnetic resonance imaging) and one of the following: 111In-pentetreotide (OCT), 131I/123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine, 18Ffluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), 18F-fluorodopa-PET (F-DOPA-PET), 68Ga- DOTATATE-PET/CT or 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT scan (68Gallium-SSTR-PET/CT). EVIDENCE SUMMARY: The analysis comprised 231 patients (females, 50.2%; age, 42.617 y). Overall, 52.4%(121/231) had "overt" ECS,18.6% had "occult" ECS, and 29% had "covert" ECS. Tumors were located in the lung (55.3%), mediastinum-thymus (7.9%), pancreas (8.5%), adrenal glands (6.4%), gastrointestinal tract (5.4%), thyroid (3.7%), and other sites (12.8%), and primary tumors were mostly bronchial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) (54.8%), pancreatic NETs (8%), mediastinum-thymus NETs (6.9%), gastrointestinal NETs (5.3%), pheochromocytoma (6.4%), neuroblastoma (3.2%), and medullary thyroid carcinoma (3.2%). Tumors were localized byCTin66.2%(137/207), magnetic resonance imaging in 51.5% (53/103), OCT in 48.9% (84/172), FDG-PET in 51.7% (46/89), F-DOPAPET in 57.1% (12/21), 131/123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine in 30.8% (4/13), and 68Gallium-SSTRPET/CT in 81.8% (18/22) of cases. Molecular imaging discovered 79.1% (53/67) of tumors unidentified by conventional radiology, with OCT the most commonly used, revealing the tumor in 64%, followed by FDG-PET in 59.4%. F-DOPA-PET was used in only seven covert cases (sensitivity, 85.7%). Notably, 68Gallium-SSTR-PET/CT had 100% sensitivity among covert cases.
conclusionsNuclear medicine improves the sensitivity of conventional radiology when tumor site identification is problematic. OCT offers a good availability/reliability ratio, and FDG-PET was proven useful. 68Gallium-SSTR-PET/CT use was infrequent, despite offering the highest sensitivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.