ReviewSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2016
Comorbid depression in obstructive sleep apnea: an under-recognized association.
Review in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Mood Disorders and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk and Mental Health Conditions Among Older Canadian Adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Machine Learning‑Based Predictive Model for Assessing the Risk of Comorbid Depression in Patients With Asthma.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cognition: An Analysis of Electroencephalography Microstates and Alpha Peak Frequency.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of obstructive sleep apnoea patients with residual sleepiness.ERJ open research · 2025Review
- Article
- Depression Paradox in Cardiovascular Outcomes of Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Insights from 2 Million Nationwide Hospitalizations.Thoracic research and practice · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of depression in Korean patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of particulate matter on continuous positive airway pressure adherence in obstructive sleep apnea patients.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Evaluation of daytime sleepiness and insomnia symptoms in OSA patients with a characterization of symptom-defined phenotypes and their involvement in depression comorbidity-a cross-sectional clinical study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association between smoking and obstructive sleep apnea based on the STOP-Bang index.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effect of depression on phase coherence between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Leveraging pleiotropy to discover and interpret GWAS results for sleep-associated traits.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Comorbidity clusters in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Article
- Association between depression and sleep apnoea: a Mendelian randomisation study.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Associations of Depression, Anxiety, and Life Events With the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Evaluated by Berlin Questionnaire.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- The correlation between OSA-related quality of life and two mental statuses in adolescent Chinese patients with cleft palate: A comprehensive study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Brazilian Thoracic Association Consensus on Sleep-disordered Breathing.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depression may coexist in the same patient. This article aims to review the link between OSA and comorbid depression and critically evaluate the results of studies that assessed the correlation between OSA and depression, the impact of OSA treatment on comorbid depression, and the impact of comorbid depression on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence.
methodsAn integrative review was conducted on English language studies and reports that assessed the relationship between OSA and depression. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, and reference lists of included studies.
resultsGenerally, cross-sectional studies show a higher prevalence of depression among OSA patients with both community and sleep disorder clinic samples. Nevertheless, the relationship between OSA and depression is complicated by the fact that the disorders have overlapping symptoms. Longitudinal studies demonstrate an increased risk of developing depression among people with OSA, as well as an association between OSA severity and the likelihood of developing depression. On the other hand, studies assessing the impact of CPAP therapy on depression among OSA patients report conflicting results. Therefore, it is essential to consider how the disorders affect one another and to understand the clinical consequences of treating each disorder in isolation.
conclusionDepression is prevalent among patients with OSA both in the community and in sleep disorder clinics. Clinicians in general should be aware of this significant association and should aim to treat both disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.