ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2015
Indirect effects of parasitism: costs of infection to other individuals can be greater than direct costs borne by the host.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age at First Reproduction Predicts Sex-Specific Parasite Infection Trajectories Through Adulthood.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Context-dependent indirect effects mediate ecological transitions between parasitism and mutualism.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Temporal Variation in Early-Life Conditions Impacts on Later-Life Levels of Infection in Sex Specific Ways.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Noninvasive Methods Unveil the Trophic Transmission of the TapewormEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Animal Behaviour Packs a Punch: From Parasitism to Production, Pollution and Prevention in Grazing Livestock.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- The Potential for Physiological Performance Curves to Shape Environmental Effects on Social Behavior.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Sublethal effects of natural parasitism act through maternal, but not paternal, reproductive success in a wild population.Ecology · 2019Article
- Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications.Advances in marine biology · 2019Review
- Helminth burden and ecological factors associated with alterations in wild host gastrointestinal microbiota.The ISME journal · 2017Article
- An immune challenge induces a decline in parental effort and compensation by the mate.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Parasitic infection has a direct physiological cost to hosts but may also alter how hosts interact with other individuals in their environment. Such indirect effects may alter both host fitness and the fitness of other individuals in the host's social network, yet the relative impact of direct and indirect effects of infection are rarely quantified. During reproduction, a host's social environment includes family members who may be in conflict over resource allocation. In such situations, infection may alter how resources are allocated, thereby redistributing the costs of parasitism between individuals. Here, we experimentally reduce parasite burdens of parent and/or nestling European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) infected with Contracaecum nematodes in a factorial design, then simultaneously measure the impact of an individual's infection on all family members. We found no direct effect of infection on parent or offspring traits but indirect effects were detected in all group members, with both immediate effects (mass change and survival) and longer-term effects (timing of parents' subsequent breeding). Our results show that parasite infection can have a major impact on individuals other than the host, suggesting that the effect of parasites on population processes may be greater than previously thought.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.