ReviewAnnual review of neuroscience2015
An integrative model of the maturation of cognitive control.
Review in Annual review of neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 266 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
266 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The developmental trajectories of working memory updating from early childhood to adolescence: A meta-analysis.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Pooled it
- Executive functioning in adolescents with internalizing disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Mindfulness-based interventions for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The lifespan trajectories of brain activities related to conflict-driven cognitive control.Science bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Control Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Pubertal Status on Self-Regulation of Behavior and Executive Functions-A Systematic Review.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Pooled it
- The clinical relevance of healthy neurodevelopmental connectivity in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Phonological working memory is adversely affected in adults with anorexia nervosa: a systematic literature review.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analytic evidence for a joint neural mechanism underlying response inhibition and state anger.Human brain mapping · 2020Pooled it
- Meta-analysis and review of functional neuroimaging differences underlying adolescent vulnerability to substance use.NeuroImage · 2020Pooled it
- Early psychosocial deprivation alters the refinement of neural dynamics across adolescence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Trial
- Attention and executive functioning in children and adolescents treated for high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group (COG).Pediatric blood & cancer · 2024Trial
- Aerobic exercise impacts the anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with subthreshold mood syndromes: a randomized controlled trial study.Translational psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Closed-loop digital meditation for neurocognitive and behavioral development in adolescents with childhood neglect.Translational psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Diminished visual dominance in adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in the Colavita paradigm.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Executive functions as a transdiagnostic endophenotype in developmental psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Multivariate neural signatures of worry become more differentiated across adolescence and young adulthood: An ultra-high field (7T) fMRI study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The Cortical Source of the P300 ERP Generator in the Associative Learning Task: A Consensus of Four Inversion Algorithms.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Executive Function and Epigenetic Markers in Youth Exposed to Family and Community Violence in Childhood.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Engagement, preference and identity: Proposing a developmental engagement framework.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2026Review
206 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brains systems undergo unique and specific dynamic changes at the cellular, circuit, and systems level that underlie the transition to adult-level cognitive control. We integrate literature from these different levels of analyses to propose a novel model of the brain basis of the development of cognitive control. The ability to consistently exert cognitive control improves into adulthood as the flexible integration of component processes, including inhibitory control, performance monitoring, and working memory, increases. Unique maturational changes in brain structure, supported by interactions between dopaminergic and GABAergic systems, contribute to enhanced network synchronization and an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In turn, these factors facilitate the specialization and strengthening of connectivity in networks supporting the transition to adult levels of cognitive control. This model provides a novel understanding of the adolescent period as an adaptive period of heightened experience-seeking necessary for the specialization of brain systems supporting cognitive control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.