Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2015
Infants Fed a Lower Calorie Formula With 2'FL Show Growth and 2'FL Uptake Like Breast-Fed Infants.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical Studies on the Supplementation of Manufactured Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of the concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk.Nutrition reviews · 2017Pooled it
- 2'-Fucosyllactose Effects on Preterm Growth, Tolerance, and Neurobehavior: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Bifidogenic Effect of 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Formula-Fed Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Safety and efficacy of a probiotic-containing infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Fecal metatranscriptomics and glycomics suggest that bovine milk oligosaccharides are fully utilized by healthy adults.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2020Trial
- Effects of Infant Formula With Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth and Morbidity: A Randomized Multicenter Trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2017Trial
- Human Milk as a Model for Next-Generation Infant Formula: Opportunities and Challenges.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Special Milk and Synthetic Biology: A Dual-Perspective Review of Ingredient Substitutions in Breast-Milk-Simulated Infant Formula.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Limited Evidence of Benefits from Clinical Trials of Human-Identical Milk Oligosaccharides for Infants.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- New Insights into Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles in China: Findings from a Large-Scale Analysis of Human Milk.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal Journey of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: From Breastfeeding Origins to Functional Roles in Adults.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- "Microbial and immune modulation by 2'-fucosyllactose supplementation during gestation: a strategy to prevent food allergies".Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Why do babies cry? Exploring the role of the gut microbiota in infantile colic, constipation, and cramps in the KOALA birth cohort study.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Article
- Efficacy of a Ready-to-Feed Starter Liquid Infant Formula Containing 2-Fucosyllactose and Lacto-N-Neotetraose in Chinese Infants: Protocol for a Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the growth and tolerance of infants fed infant formulas with a caloric density closer to human milk (HM) supplemented with human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and to study uptake of the HMOs.
methodsA prospective, randomized, controlled, growth and tolerance study was conducted in healthy, singleton infants (birth weight ≥2490 g), who were enrolled by day of life (DOL) 5. Formula-fed infants were randomized to 1 of 3 formulas with a caloric density of 64.3 kcal/dL. Each formula contained galactooligosaccharides, and the 2 experimental formulas contained varying levels (0.2 and 1.0 g/L) of the HMO 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL). The 3 formula groups were compared with an HM-fed reference group. Infants were exclusively fed either formula (n = 189) or HM (n = 65) from enrollment to 119 DOL. 2'FL was measured in the blood and urine collected from a subset of infants at DOL 42 and 119, and in HM collected from breast-feeding mothers at DOL 42.
resultsThere were no significant differences among any groups for weight, length, or head circumference growth during the 4-month study period. All of the formulas were well tolerated and comparable for average stool consistency, number of stools per day, and percent of feedings associated with spitting up or vomit. 2'FL was present in the plasma and urine of infants fed 2'FL, and there were no significant differences in 2'FL uptake relative to the concentration fed.
conclusionsThis is the first report of infants fed 2'FL-fortified formulas with a caloric density similar to HM. Growth and 2'FL uptake were similar to those of HM-fed infants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.