ArticlePsychopharmacology2015
A subanesthetic dose of ketamine in the Rhesus monkey reduces the occurrence of anticipatory saccades.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding effects of psychoactive drugs in a high-dimensional space of eye movements in monkeys.National science review · 2023Article
- Ketamine reduces temporal expectation in the rhesus monkey.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum to: a subanesthetic dose of ketamine in the Rhesus monkey reduces the occurrence of anticipatory saccades.2015 · Ilhame, Ameqrane [corrected to Ameqrane, Ilhame]; Nicolas, Wattiez [corrected to Wattiez, Nicolas]; Pierre, Pouget [corrected to Pouget, Pierre]; Marcus, Missal [corrected to Missal, Marcus]
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleIt has been shown that antagonism of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor with subanesthetic doses of ketamine perturbs the perception of elapsed time. Anticipatory eye movements are based on an internal representation of elapsed time. Therefore, the occurrence of anticipatory saccades could be a particularly sensitive indicator of abnormal time perception due to NMDA receptors blockade.
objectivesThe objective of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of anticipatory saccades could be selectively altered by a subanesthetic dose of ketamine.
methodsThree Rhesus monkeys were trained in a simple visually guided saccadic task with a variable delay. Monkeys were rewarded for making a visually guided saccade at the end of the delay. Premature anticipatory saccades to the future position of the eccentric target initiated before the end of the delay were not rewarded. A subanesthetic dose of ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) or a saline solution of the same volume was injected i.m. during the task.
resultsWe found that the injected dose of ketamine did not induce sedation or abnormal behavior. However, in ∼4 min, ketamine induced a strong reduction of the occurrence of anticipatory saccades but did not reduce the occurrence of visually guided saccades.
conclusionThis unexpected reduction of anticipatory saccade occurrence could be interpreted as resulting from an altered use of the perception of elapsed time during the delay period induced by NMDA receptors antagonism.
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