ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2015
Proopiomelanocortin, agouti-related protein, and leptin in human cerebrospinal fluid: correlations with body weight and adiposity.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Defining Predictors of Weight Loss Response to Lorcaserin.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Quantification of appetite-regulating hormones in children with hypothalamic and common obesity.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Secretion Patterns of Leptin: A Key Component in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis and Its Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Tirzepatide Synergizes with Leptin on Weight Loss and Restoring Metabolic Homeostasis in Diet-induced Obesity Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genetically Predicted Vascular Proteins and Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The Mechanism of Leptin Resistance in Obesity and Therapeutic Perspective.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The Association of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis with Appetite Regulation in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs).Nutrients · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones in MCI and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2023Review
- Serum kisspeptin and proopiomelanocortin in cystic fibrosis: a single study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The acromegaly lipodystrophy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Pregnancy-specific Adaptations in Leptin and Melanocortin Neuropeptides in Early Human Gestation.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Do Leptin Play a Role in Metabolism-Related Psychopathological Symptoms?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Diurnal Patterns for Cortisol, Cortisone and Agouti-Related Protein in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Plasma Agouti-Related Protein Levels in Acromegaly and Effects of Surgical or Pegvisomant Therapy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- Effects of Naltrexone on Energy Balance and Hypothalamic Melanocortin Peptides in Male Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2019Article
- Plasma Agouti-Related Protein and Cortisol Levels in Cushing Disease: Evidence for the Regulation of Agouti-Related Protein by Glucocorticoids in Humans.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Emerging 5 Years after the Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumor.Case reports in endocrinology · 2019Article
- POMC: The Physiological Power of Hormone Processing.Physiological reviews · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Leptin and its neuronal targets, which produce proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP), regulate energy balance. This study characterized leptin, POMC, and AgRP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 47 healthy human subjects, 23 lean and 24 overweight/obese (OW/OB), as related to BMI, adiposity, plasma leptin, soluble leptin receptor (s-OB-R), and insulin. POMC was measured since the POMC prohormone is the predominant POMC peptide in CSF and correlates with hypothalamic POMC in rodents. Plasma AgRP was similarly characterized. CSF leptin was 83-fold lower than in plasma and correlated strongly with BMI, body fat, and insulin. The relative amount of leptin transported into CSF declined with increasing BMI, ranging from 4.5 to 0.52%, consistent with a saturable transport mechanism. CSF sOB-R was 78-fold lower than in plasma and correlated negatively with plasma and CSF leptin. CSF POMC was higher in lean vs. OW/OB subjects (P < 0.001) and correlated negatively with CSF leptin (r = -0.60, P < 0.001) and with plasma leptin, insulin, BMI, and adiposity. CSF AgRP was not different in lean vs. OW/OB; however, plasma AgRP was higher in lean subjects (P = 0.001) and correlated negatively with BMI, adiposity, leptin, insulin, and HOMA (P < 0.005). Thus, CSF measurements may provide useful biomarkers for brain leptin and POMC activity. The striking negative correlation between CSF leptin and POMC could be secondary to leptin resistance and/or neuronal changes associated with obesity but may also indicate that POMC plays a primary role in regulating body weight and adiposity. The role of plasma AgRP as a neuroendocrine biomarker deserves further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.