ArticleJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2015
Ethnic variations in morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for exacerbations and pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pooled analysis.Respiratory research · 2020Trial
- Assessing the association between elements of health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review.Access microbiology · 2026Review
- The trends of mortality, aetiologies and risk factors of lower respiratory infections in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Review
- Health disparities in complicated lower respiratory tract infections: a population-based cohort study in The Hague, The Netherlands.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Methodology and application of multiplex PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography for the detection of eight respiratory bacterial pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The sex and gender dimensions of COVID-19: A narrative review of the potential underlying factors.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2022Review
- European Society of Cardiology guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 1-epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis.Cardiovascular research · 2022Review
- European Society of Cardiology guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 1-epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis.European heart journal · 2022Review
- Complex differences in infection rates between ethnic groups in Scotland: a retrospective, national census-linked cohort study of 1.65 million cases.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- COVID-19 outcomes in UK centre within highest health and wealth band: a prospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Severe Lung Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.The American journal of pathology · 2020Review
- COVID-19 clinical outcomes and nationality: results from a Nationwide registry in Kuwait.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Ethnicity profiles of COVID-19 admissions and outcomes.The Journal of infection · 2020Article
- Vitamin D deficiency in western dwelling South Asian populations: an unrecognised epidemic.The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2020Review
- Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19.Lancet (London, England) · 2020Article
- Ethnicity and COVID-19 cardiovascular complications: a multi-center UK cohort.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2020Article
- Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk Based on Ethnicity in COVID-19 Patients on Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Combination: Viewpoint.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Detection of Eight Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens Based on Multiplex Real-Time PCR with Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2020Article
- Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia: toward a complete picture.Archives of virology · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThere is evidence of substantial ethnic variations in asthma morbidity and the risk of hospitalisation, but the picture in relation to lower respiratory tract infections is unclear. We carried out an observational study to identify ethnic group differences for lower respiratory tract infections.
designA retrospective, cohort study.
settingScotland.
participants4.65 million people on whom information was available from the 2001 census, followed from May 2001 to April 2010.
main outcome measuresHospitalisations and deaths (any time following first hospitalisation) from lower respiratory tract infections, adjusted risk ratios and hazard ratios by ethnicity and sex were calculated. We multiplied ratios and confidence intervals by 100, so the reference Scottish White population's risk ratio and hazard ratio was 100.
resultsAmong men, adjusted risk ratios for lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation were lower in Other White British (80, 95% confidence interval 73-86) and Chinese (69, 95% confidence interval 56-84) populations and higher in Pakistani groups (152, 95% confidence interval 136-169). In women, results were mostly similar to those in men (e.g. Chinese 68, 95% confidence interval 56-82), although higher adjusted risk ratios were found among women of the Other South Asians group (145, 95% confidence interval 120-175). Survival (adjusted hazard ratio) following lower respiratory tract infection for Pakistani men (54, 95% confidence interval 39-74) and women (31, 95% confidence interval 18-53) was better than the reference population.
conclusionsSubstantial differences in the rates of lower respiratory tract infections amongst different ethnic groups in Scotland were found. Pakistani men and women had particularly high rates of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation. The reasons behind the high rates of lower respiratory tract infection in the Pakistani community are now required.
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