ArticlePloS one2015
Deletion of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (pfhrp2) and Histidine-Rich Protein 3 (pfhrp3) Genes in Colombian Parasites.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes deletion in global settings (2010-2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions on malaria control worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence ofBulletin of the World Health Organization · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates with deletions in histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes in context with sub-Saharan Africa and India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2020Pooled it
- Absence of false negative RDT results due to pfhrp2 deletion among symptomatic malaria infections in Kenya: findings from the 2022 Kenya national longitudinal surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Are pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Deletions a Concern in Latin America? A Critical Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A previously low prevalence Plasmodium falciparum clone expands in an outbreak in the Pacific Coast of South America.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Local variability inMalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- First report of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions compromising HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Malawi.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- High Prevalence ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Review
- Prevalence of pfhrp2/pfhrp3 gene deletions among patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria with false-negative in the HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test in Colombia.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Genomic surveillance of malaria parasites in an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Molecular detection of sub-microscopic infections and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 and 3 gene deletions in pre-elimination settings of South Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- High Frequency of Deletions in theTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Genomic surveillance of malaria parasites in an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon.Research square · 2024Article
- Aptamer-Based Technologies for Parasite Detection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Low frequency ofFrontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
- Assessment ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Article
- High-throughputeLife · 2022Article
- Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 genes are common in field isolates from north-eastern Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A number of studies have analyzed the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in Colombia with discrepancies in performance being attributed to a combination of factors such as parasite levels, interpretation of RDT results and/or the handling and storage of RDT kits. However, some of the inconsistencies observed with results from Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2)-based RDTs could also be explained by the deletion of the gene that encodes the protein, pfhrp2, and its structural homolog, pfhrp3, in some parasite isolates. Given that pfhrp2- and pfhrp3-negative P. falciparum isolates have been detected in the neighboring Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon regions, we hypothesized that parasites with deletions of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 may also be present in Colombia. In this study we tested 100 historical samples collected between 1999 and 2009 from six Departments in Colombia for the presence of pfhrp2, pfhrp3 and their flanking genes. Seven neutral microsatellites were also used to determine the genetic background of these parasites. In total 18 of 100 parasite isolates were found to have deleted pfhrp2, a majority of which (14 of 18) were collected from Amazonas Department, which borders Peru and Brazil. pfhrp3 deletions were found in 52 of the 100 samples collected from all regions of the country. pfhrp2 flanking genes PF3D7_0831900 and PF3D7_0831700 were deleted in 22 of 100 and in 1 of 100 samples, respectively. pfhrp3 flanking genes PF3D7_1372100 and PF3D7_1372400 were missing in 55 of 100 and in 57 of 100 samples. Structure analysis of microsatellite data indicated that Colombian samples tested in this study belonged to four clusters and they segregated mostly based on their geographic region. Most of the pfhrp2-deleted parasites were assigned to a single cluster and originated from Amazonas Department although a few pfhrp2-negative parasites originated from the other three clusters. The presence of a high proportion of pfhrp2-negative isolates in the Colombian Amazon may have implications for the use of PfHRP2-based RDTs in the region and may explain inconsistencies observed when PfHRP2-based tests and assays are performed.
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