ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2015
Optimized zein nanospheres for improved oral bioavailability of atorvastatin.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Zein-alpha lipoic acid-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the oral bioavailability of dapoxetine: optimization and clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Trial
- Development and single dose clinical pharmacokinetics investigation of novel zein assisted- alpha lipoic acid nanoencapsulation of vardenafil.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Reengineering statin therapy to protect skeletal muscle: nanocarrier strategies for mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and myotoxicity.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Advances in oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using protein-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) inhibitor formulation via zein-based nanoparticle improves the therapeutic efficacy toward Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Zein-Based Nanocarriers: Advances in Oral Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Metformin Loaded Zein Polymeric Nanoparticles to Augment Antitumor Activity against Ehrlich Carcinoma via Activation of AMPK Pathway: D-Optimal Design Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Zein-Based Nanoparticles Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of a TrkB Agonist toward Alzheimer's Disease.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Bio-Based Nano-Enabled Cosmetic Formulations for the Treatment ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intensification of resveratrol cytotoxicity, pro-apoptosis, oxidant potentials in human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells using zein nanoparticles.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Etodolac Fortified Sodium Deoxycholate Stabilized Zein Nanoplatforms for Augmented Repositioning Profile in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Assessment of Bioaccessibility, Anti-Proliferation, Pro-Apoptosis and Oxidant Potentials in HepG2 Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Zein-Stabilized Nanospheres as Nanocarriers for Boosting the Aphrodisiac Activity of Icariin: Response Surface Optimization and In Vivo Assessment.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Polyethylene Glycol-Stabilized Zein Nanoparticles Containing Gallic Acid.Food technology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Review
- Formulation of Gelucire®-Based Solid Dispersions of Atorvastatin Calcium: In Vitro Dissolution and In Vivo Bioavailability Study.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2021Article
- Piceatannol-Loaded Bilosome-Stabilized Zein Protein Exhibits Enhanced Cytostatic and Apoptotic Activities in Lung Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Fabrication and Characterisation of a Photo-Responsive, Injectable Nanosystem for Sustained Delivery of Macromolecules.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Co-processing of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe for Enhanced Dissolution Rate: In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2021Article
- Amelioration of Pterostilbene Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, and Oxidant Potentials in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 Cells Using Zein Nanocomposites.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
- Zein nanoparticles as nontoxic delivery system for maytansine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.Drug delivery · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis work focuses on the development of atorvastatin utilizing zein, a natural, safe, and biocompatible polymer, as a nanosized formulation in order to overcome the poor oral bioavailability (12%) of the drug.
methodsTwelve experimental runs of atorvastatin-zein nanosphere formula were formulated by a liquid-liquid phase separation method according to custom fractional factorial design to optimize the formulation variables. The factors studied were: weight % of zein to atorvastatin (X1), pH (X2), and stirring time (X3). Levels for each formulation variable were designed. The selected dependent variables were: mean particle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), drug loading efficiency (Y3), drug encapsulation efficiency (Y4), and yield (Y5). The optimized formulation was assayed for compatibility using an X-ray diffraction assay. In vitro diffusion of the optimized formulation was carried out. A pharmacokinetic study was also done to compare the plasma profile of the atorvastatin-zein nanosphere formulation versus atorvastatin oral suspension and the commercially available tablet.
resultsThe optimized atorvastatin-zein formulation had a mean particle size of 183 nm, a loading efficiency of 14.86%, and an encapsulation efficiency of 29.71%. The in vitro dissolution assay displayed an initial burst effect, with a cumulative amount of atorvastatin released of 41.76% and 82.3% after 12 and 48 hours, respectively. In Wistar albino rats, the bioavailability of atorvastatin from the optimized atorvastatin-zein formulation was 3-fold greater than that from the atorvastatin suspension and the commercially available tablet.
conclusionThe atorvastatin-zein nanosphere formulation improved the oral delivery and pharmacokinetic profile of atorvastatin by enhancing its oral bioavailability.
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