ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
The within-host dynamics of African trypanosome infections.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Silent transmission of human African trypanosomiasis: isolation of a human-infective trypanosome from an asymptomatic pregnant woman in south-eastern Nigeria.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Article
- Ginkgo biloba attenuated detrimental inflammatory and oxidative events due to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in mice treated with melarsoprol.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Advances in the Immunology of the Host-Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A structural classification of the variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Coenzyme QJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- Structural similarities between the metacyclic and bloodstream form variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Blood signatures for second stage human African trypanosomiasis: a transcriptomic approach.BMC medical genomics · 2020Article
- Infections With Extracellular Trypanosomes Require Control by Efficient Innate Immune Mechanisms and Can Result in the Destruction of the Mammalian Humoral Immune System.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- Variable Surface Glycoprotein fromPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Tsetse peritrophic matrix influences for trypanosome transmission.Journal of insect physiology · 2019Review
- VAPPER: High-throughput variant antigen profiling in African trypanosomes of livestock.GigaScience · 2019Article
- Evaluation of mechanisms that may generate DNA lesions triggering antigenic variation in African trypanosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- The suppressive cap-binding complex factor 4EIP is required for normal differentiation.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Variant antigen repertoires inGenome research · 2018Article
- African trypanosomes evade immune clearance by O-glycosylation of the VSG surface coat.Nature microbiology · 2018Article
- Faster growth with shorter antigens can explain a VSG hierarchy during African trypanosome infections: a feint attack by parasites.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The Fantastic Voyage of the Trypanosome: A Protean Micromachine Perfected during 500 Million Years of Engineering.Micromachines · 2018Review
- Transcriptomes of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense from sleeping sickness patients, rodents and culture: Effects of strain, growth conditions and RNA preparation methods.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
African trypanosomes are single-celled protozoan parasites that are capable of long-term survival while living extracellularly in the bloodstream and tissues of mammalian hosts. Prolonged infections are possible because trypanosomes undergo antigenic variation-the expression of a large repertoire of antigenically distinct surface coats, which allows the parasite population to evade antibody-mediated elimination. The mechanisms by which antigen genes become activated influence their order of expression, most likely by influencing the frequency of productive antigen switching, which in turn is likely to contribute to infection chronicity. Superimposed upon antigen switching as a contributor to trypanosome infection dynamics is the density-dependent production of cell-cycle arrested parasite transmission stages, which limit the infection while ensuring parasite spread to new hosts via the bite of blood-feeding tsetse flies. Neither antigen switching nor developmental progression to transmission stages is driven by the host. However, the host can contribute to the infection dynamic through the selection of distinct antigen types, the influence of genetic susceptibility or trypanotolerance and the potential influence of host-dependent effects on parasite virulence, development of transmission stages and pathogenicity. In a zoonotic infection cycle where trypanosomes circulate within a range of host animal populations, and in some cases humans, there is considerable scope for a complex interplay between parasite immune evasion, transmission potential and host factors to govern the profile and outcome of infection.
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