ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2015
Human and Animal Fecal Contamination of Community Water Sources, Stored Drinking Water and Hands in Rural India Measured with Validated Microbial Source Tracking Assays.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Measurement in the study of human exposure to animal feces: A systematic review and audit.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exposure to Animal Feces and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Proposed Research Priorities.Environmental science & technology · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of an integrated poultry value chain, nutrition, gender and WASH intervention (SELEVER) on hygiene and child morbidity and anthropometry in Burkina Faso: A secondary outcome analysis of a cluster randomised trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Trial
- Ingestion of Fecal Bacteria along Multiple Pathways by Young Children in Rural Bangladesh Participating in a Cluster-Randomized Trial of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions (WASH Benefits).Environmental science & technology · 2020Trial
- Effect of Sanitation Improvements on Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers in the Rural Bangladeshi Household Environment.Environmental science & technology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Human fecal and pathogen exposure pathways in rural Indian villages and the effect of increased latrine coverage.Water research · 2016Trial
- Household determinants of animal and human fecal contamination on floors and hands in northwestern coastal Ecuador.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Microbial source tracking of human and animal fecal contamination in Ecuadorian households.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Seasonal Microbial and Physicochemical Variations in Shared Water Resources Within the Arid and Semi-Arid Southwestern Kenya Landscape.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Microbial source tracking of human and animal fecal contamination in Ecuadorian households.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Enteric Pathogens in Humans, Domesticated Animals, and Drinking Water in a Low-Income Urban Area of Nairobi, Kenya.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Bacterial strain sharing between humans, animals, and the environment among urban households.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The mediatory role of water quality on the association between extreme precipitation events and infectious diarrhea in the Yangtze River Basin, China.Fundamental research · 2024Article
- Animal Handling Practice Among Rural Households in Northwest Ethiopia Increases the Risk of Childhood Diarrhea and Exposure to Pathogens From Animal Sources.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Enteric infections and management practices among communities in a rural setting of northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fecal indicator bacteria along multiple environmental exposure pathways (water, food, and soil) and intestinal parasites among children in the rural northwest Ethiopia.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We examined pathways of exposure to fecal contamination of human and animal origin in 24 villages in Odisha, India. In a cross-sectional study during the monsoon season, fecal exposure via community water sources (N = 123) and in the home (N = 137) was assessed using human- and nonhuman-associated Bacteroidales microbial source tracking (MST) markers and fecal coliforms (FCs). Detection rates and marker concentrations were examined to pinpoint pathways of human fecal exposure in the public and domestic domains of disease transmission in study communities. Human fecal markers were detected much more frequently in the domestic domain (45% of households) than in public domain sources (8% of ponds; 4% of groundwater drinking sources). Animal fecal markers were widely detected in both domains (74% of ponds, 96% of households, 10% of groundwater drinking sources), indicating ubiquitous risks of exposure to animal feces and zoonotic pathogens. This study confirms an often suggested contamination link from hands to stored water in the home in developing countries separately for mothers' and children's hands and both human and animal fecal contamination. In contrast to MST markers, FCs provided a poor metric to assess risks of exposure to fecal contamination of human origin in this rural setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.