ArticleClinical pediatrics2016
Types of Infant Formulas Consumed in the United States.
Article in Clinical pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Young adult outcomes associated with lower cognitive functioning in childhood related to iron-fortified formula in infancy.Nutritional neuroscience · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Modifications to Infant Formula Instructions Improve the Accuracy of Formula Dispensing.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Type of infant formula increases early weight gain and impacts energy balance: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Trial
- Postprandial metabolic response of breast-fed infants and infants fed lactose-free vs regular infant formula: A randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Longitudinal Evaluation from Birth to Adolescence of Soy Protein-Based Infant Formula Compared with Cow Milk-Based Formula and Breastfeeding: A Comprehensive Summary of Findings.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- US infant formulas contain primarily added sugars: An analysis of infant formulas on the US market.Journal of food composition and analysis : an official publication of the United Nations University, International Network of Food Data Systems · 2025Article
- Article
- Two Pediatric Cases of Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to Soy Eaten as an Infant Food.Cureus · 2023Article
- Soy-Based Infant Formula Feeding and Uterine Fibroid Development in a Prospective Ultrasound Study of Black/African-American Women.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Dietary and Complementary Feeding Practices of US Infants, 6 to 12 Months: A Narrative Review of the Federal Nutrition Monitoring Data.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Review
- Lactose-reduced infant formula with corn syrup solids and obesity risk among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Review
- Effects of Soy-Based Infant Formula on Weight Gain and Neurodevelopment in an Autism Mouse Model.Cells · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Safety of a Plant-Based Infant Formula Containing Almonds and Buckwheat in a Neonatal Piglet Model.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Adverse Effects of Infant Formula Made with Corn-Syrup Solids on the Development of Eating Behaviors in Hispanic Children.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Developmental exposure to phytoestrogens found in soy: New findings and clinical implications.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Review
- Early infant feeding effect on growth and body composition during the first 6 years and neurodevelopment at age 72 months.Pediatric research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined consumption of different types of infant formula (eg, cow's milk, soy, gentle/lactose-reduced, and specialty) and regular milk among a nationally representative sample of 1864 infants, 0 to 12 months old, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010. Among the 81% of infants who were fed formula or regular milk, 69% consumed cow's milk formula, 12% consumed soy formula, 5% consumed gentle/ lactose-reduced formulas, 6% consumed specialty formulas, and 13% consumed regular milk products. There were differences by household education and income in the percentage of infants consuming cow's milk formula and regular milk products. The majority of infants in the United States who were fed formula or regular milk consumed cow's milk formula (69%), with lower percentages receiving soy, specialty, gentle/sensitive, or lactose-free/reduced formulas. Contrary to national recommendations, 13% of infants younger than 1 year consumed regular milk, and the percentage varied by household education and income levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.