Trial reportBMC medicine2015
A combination SMS and transportation reimbursement intervention to improve HIV care following abnormal CD4 test results in rural Uganda: a prospective observational cohort study.
Trial report in BMC medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01579214 (Cell Phone Messaging to Improve Communication of Critical Laboratory Results to Patients in Rural Uganda), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cell Phone Messaging to Improve Communication of Critical Laboratory Results to Patients in Rural Uganda
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Behavioral and cognitive interventions to improve treatment adherence and access to HIV care among older adults in sub-Saharan Africa: an updated systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of SMS/GPRS Printers in Reducing Time to Early Infant Diagnosis Compared With Routine Result Reporting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Specification of implementation interventions to address the cascade of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited settings: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions to improve the rate or timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: meta-analyses of effectiveness.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Pooled it
- Behaviourally-Informed Two-Way Text Messaging to Improve Return to HIV Care in South Africa: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- A combination intervention strategy to improve linkage to and retention in HIV care following diagnosis in Mozambique: A cluster-randomized study.PLoS medicine · 2017Trial
- Sizanani: A Randomized Trial of Health System Navigators to Improve Linkage to HIV and TB Care in South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- Transport stipend to facilitate cancer early detection: experiences of beneficiaries and perspectives of program personnel in Rwanda.BMC public health · 2025Article
- An mHealth Intervention to Address Depression and Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Youths Living With HIV in Uganda: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Unveiling the role of DHIS2 in enhancing data quality and accessibility in primary healthcare facilities: Evidence from Ethiopia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Behavioral Predictors of Intention to Use a Text Messaging Reminder System Among People Living With HIV in Rural Uganda: Survey Study.JMIR human factors · 2023Article
- Applying Behavioural Insights to HIV Prevention and Management: a Scoping Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Article
- 'We have goals but [it is difficult]'. Barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence among women using alcohol and other drugs living with HIV in South Africa.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
- Patient Perspectives and Willingness to Accept Incentives for Tuberculosis Diagnostic Evaluation in Uganda.Value in health regional issues · 2021Article
- An Unstructured Supplementary Service Data System for Daily Tracking of Patient Samples and Diagnostic Results in a Diagnostic Network in Malawi: System Development and Field Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- Ethical Implications of eHealth Tools for Delivering STI/HIV Laboratory Results and Partner Notifications.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Feasibility of upfront mobile money transfers for transportation reimbursement to promote retention among patients receiving lymphoma treatment in Malawi.International health · 2021Article
- Impact of strategic use of antiretroviral therapy intervention to the HIV continuum of care in 13 cities in Indonesia: an interrupted time series analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Article
- Development of a novel mobile application, HBB Prompt, with human factors and user-centred design for Helping Babies Breathe skills retention in Uganda.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUp to 50 % of HIV-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa are lost from care between HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Structural barriers, including cost of transportation to clinic and poor communication systems, are major contributors.
methodsWe conducted a prospective, pragmatic, before-and-after clinical trial to evaluate a combination mobile health and transportation reimbursement intervention to improve care at a publicly operated HIV clinic in Uganda. Patients undergoing CD4 count testing were enrolled, and clinicians selected a result threshold that would prompt early return for ART initiation or further care. Participants enrolled in the pre-intervention period (January - August 2012) served as a control group. Participants in the intervention period (September 2012 - November 2013) were randomized to receive daily short message service (SMS) messages for up to seven days in one of three formats: 1) messages reporting an abnormal result directly, 2) personal identification number-protected messages reporting an abnormal result, or 3) messages reading "ABCDEFG" to confidentially convey an abnormal result. Participants returning within seven days of their first message received transportation reimbursements (about $6USD). Our primary outcomes of interest were time to return to clinic and time to ART initiation.
resultsThere were 45 participants in the pre-intervention period and 138 participants in the intervention period (46, 49, and 43 in the direct, PIN, and coded groups, respectively) with low CD4 count results. Median time to clinic return was 33 days (IQR 11-49) in the pre-intervention period and 6 days (IQR 3-16) in the intervention period (P < 0.001); and median time to ART initiation was 47 days (IQR 11-75) versus 12 days (IQR 5-19), (P < 0.001). In multivariable models, participants in the intervention period had earlier return to clinic (AHR 2.32, 95 %CI 1.53 to 3.51) and earlier time to ART initiation (AHR 2.27, 95 %CI 1.38 to 3.72). All three randomized message formats improved time to return to clinic and time to ART initiation (P < 0.01 for all comparisons versus the pre-intervention period).
conclusionsA combination of an SMS laboratory result communication system and transportation reimbursements significantly decreased time to clinic return and time to ART initiation after abnormal CD4 test results. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01579214 , approved 13 April 2012.
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