Trial reportJournal of cardiovascular electrophysiology2015
Long-QT Syndrome and Therapy for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Trial report in Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Medications Used in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- ADHD is associated with migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Do Stimulants Promote Arrhythmic Risk: Insights From a Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Model.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
- A Parent Survey: Characteristics of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Youth.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2026Article
- Psychiatric Medications and QTc Prolongation in the Pediatric Population.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2025Article
- An Evaluation of Whether Routine QTc Interval Screening Is Necessary Prior to Starting ADHD Medications: Experience from a Large Retrospective Study.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.JAMA psychiatry · 2024Article
- JCS/JHRS 2020 Guideline on Pharmacotherapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias.Journal of arrhythmia · 2022Article
- The use of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medications in cardiac disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Surface Electrocardiographic Parameters of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in an Ambulatory Community Pediatric Center: A Focus on Cardiac Repolarization Electrocardiogram Intervals.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- All Along the Watchtower: a Case of Long QT Syndrome Misdiagnosis Secondary to Genetic Testing Misinterpretation.Journal of genetic counseling · 2018Article
- Management of Patients with Long QT Syndrome.Korean circulation journal · 2016Review
- Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young.Circulation · 2016Review
- Adult ADHD Medications and Their Cardiovascular Implications.Case reports in cardiology · 2016Article
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Long-QT Syndrome: Risky Business.Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionStimulants are the mainstay therapy for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are associated with adrenergic side effects. There are limited data on the clinical course of patients treated for ADHD who have long-QT syndrome (LQTS), for which β-blockade is the goal of therapy.
methodsLQTS patients from the Rochester-based LQTS Registry (open-enrollment between 1979 and 2003; follow-up from 1979 to present) treated with stimulant or nonstimulant ADHD medications (n = 48) were compared to a 2:1 age-, gender-, and QTc-duration matched LQTS control group not exposed to ADHD medications (n = 96). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to evaluate risk of cardiac events (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death) in LQTS patients treated with ADHD medications.
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 7.9 ± 5.4 years after initiation of ADHD medication at a mean age 10.7 ±7.3 years, there was a 62% cumulative probability of cardiac events in the ADHD treatment group compared to 28% in the matched LQTS control group (P < 0.001). Time-dependent use of ADHD medication was associated with an increased risk for cardiac events (HR = 3.07; P = 0.03) in the multivariate Cox model adjusted for time-dependent β-blocker use and prior cardiac events. Subgroup gender analyses showed that time-dependent ADHD medication was associated with an increased risk in male LQTS patients (HR = 6.80, P = 0.04).
conclusionsLQTS patients treated with ADHD medications have increased risk for cardiac events, particularly syncope, and this risk is augmented in males. The findings highlight the importance of heightened surveillance for LQTS patients on ADHD medications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.