ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2015
Cardiovascular biomarkers and sex: the case for women.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Specific Associations of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Biomarkers With Incident Heart Failure.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2020Pooled it
- Aortic valve stenosis serum IGFBP2 mediates female-specific Evogliptin resistance in valve myofibroblasts.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of C-type natriuretic peptide/cyclic GMP signaling in pulmonary fibrosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Sex-based differences in biomarker trajectories in acute coronary syndrome patients from the BIOMArCS study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases: Exploring the Role of Microbiota and Immunity.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Biosensing Platforms for Cardiac Biomarker Detection.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Galectin-3 and Risk for Cancer or Heart Failure: Does Sex Matter?JACC. CardioOncology · 2023Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Heart Failure Diagnosis.Current heart failure reports · 2023Review
- Sex Differences in Acute Heart Failure Management: Is There a Gap in Treatment Quality?Current heart failure reports · 2023Review
- Sex-Related Effects of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Diabetic Retinopathy.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- High-sensitivity troponin-T levels and associated health conditions in 3146 women aged 46.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Neurotensin and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Sex, HIV Status, and Measures of Cardiac Stress and Fibrosis in Uganda.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Association of ultra-processed food consumption with cardiovascular mortality in the US population: long-term results from a large prospective multicenter study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and Sex Differences: Mechanisms and Biomarkers.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2020Review
- Sex-Based Considerations in the Evaluation of Chest Pain and Management of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2020Review
- Gender-Related Differences in Heart Failure Biomarkers.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2020Review
- Sex differences in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: the benefits of estrogens.Heart failure reviews · 2019Review
- Elevated Sera sST2 Is Associated With Heart Failure in Men ≤50 Years Old With Myocarditis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Measurement of biomarkers is a critical component of cardiovascular care. Women and men differ in their cardiac physiology and manifestations of cardiovascular disease. Although most cardiovascular biomarkers are used by clinicians without taking sex into account, sex-specific differences in biomarkers clearly exist. Baseline concentrations of many biomarkers (including cardiac troponin, natriuretic peptides, galectin-3, and soluble ST2) differ in men versus women, but these sex-specific differences do not generally translate into a need for differential sex-based cut-off points. Furthermore, most biomarkers are similarly diagnostic and prognostic, regardless of sex. Two potential exceptions are cardiac troponins measured by high-sensitivity assay, and proneurotensin. Troponin levels are lower in women than in men and, with the use of high-sensitivity assays, sex-specific cut-off points might improve the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Proneurotensin is a novel biomarker that was found to be predictive of incident cardiovascular disease in women, but not men, and was also predictive of incident breast cancer. If confirmed, proneurotensin might be a unique biomarker of disease risk in women. With any biomarker, an understanding of sex-specific differences might improve its use and might also lead to an enhanced understanding of the physiological differences between the hearts of men and women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.